PET Imaging of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Healthy Studies |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - Any |
| Updated: | 4/6/2019 |
| Start Date: | June 6, 2008 |
| End Date: | August 19, 2014 |
PET Imaging of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors Using [11C](R)-PK 11195 and [11C]PBR28
This study will use positron emission tomography (PET) to measure a receptor in the brain
that is involved in inflammation. It will test two radioactive chemicals used in the
procedure to see if the newer chemical, [(11)C]B, is as good or better than the older one,
[(11)C]A, for measuring brain inflammation.
Healthy volunteers 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study. Participants
undergo an evaluation, [(11)C]A PET scan, [(11)C]B PET scan and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), as follows:
Evaluation
Medical history and physical examination, blood and urine tests
PET scans
- [(11)C]A scan. A catheter (plastic tube) is placed in an arm vein for injection of the
[(11)C]A isotope. Some patients also have a catheter placed in an artery in the wrist to
collect arterial blood samples during the scan. Subjects then lie on the scanner bed and
a special mask is fitted to the head to help keep the subject s head still during the
procedure. Following an 8-minute scan to calibrate the scanner, the [(11)C]A is injected
into the catheter in the vein and pictures are taken that show where chemicals related
to inflammation are present. The procedure takes about 2.5 hours.
- [(11)C]B scan. The procedure is the same as above for [(11)C]A, except the isotope used
is [(11)C]B.
MRI scan.
This test uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of body organs and
tissues. The subject lies on a table that can slide in and out of the scanner (a metal
cylinder), wearing earplugs to muffle loud noises that occur during the scan.
that is involved in inflammation. It will test two radioactive chemicals used in the
procedure to see if the newer chemical, [(11)C]B, is as good or better than the older one,
[(11)C]A, for measuring brain inflammation.
Healthy volunteers 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study. Participants
undergo an evaluation, [(11)C]A PET scan, [(11)C]B PET scan and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), as follows:
Evaluation
Medical history and physical examination, blood and urine tests
PET scans
- [(11)C]A scan. A catheter (plastic tube) is placed in an arm vein for injection of the
[(11)C]A isotope. Some patients also have a catheter placed in an artery in the wrist to
collect arterial blood samples during the scan. Subjects then lie on the scanner bed and
a special mask is fitted to the head to help keep the subject s head still during the
procedure. Following an 8-minute scan to calibrate the scanner, the [(11)C]A is injected
into the catheter in the vein and pictures are taken that show where chemicals related
to inflammation are present. The procedure takes about 2.5 hours.
- [(11)C]B scan. The procedure is the same as above for [(11)C]A, except the isotope used
is [(11)C]B.
MRI scan.
This test uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of body organs and
tissues. The subject lies on a table that can slide in and out of the scanner (a metal
cylinder), wearing earplugs to muffle loud noises that occur during the scan.
Objective:
In response to brain inflammation, microglia over-express the peripheral benzodiazepine
receptor (PBR). Although peripheral organs such as the heart and kidney express PBR
constitutively, the brain normally expresses PBR in low numbers. Increased PBR density in the
brain therefore signifies a change from a normal state to an active, inflammatory state.
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can quantify PBR density in vivo using
radioligands that bind to PBR sites. One PBR-selective radioligand, [(11)C](R)-PK 11195, has
been used to identify areas of brain inflammation in patients with various neurological
diseases. Unfortunately, [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 has several limitations, including low specific
signal. A recently developed radioligand, [(11)C]PBR28, has higher specificity than
[(11)C](R)-PK 11195 for PBR in animal studies. No study to date has compared [(11)C]PBR28 to
[(11)C](R)-PK 11195 in human subjects.
In early clinical studies using [(11)C]PBR28, 4 of 32 healthy human subjects had complete
absence of radioligand binding, even in peripheral organs that constitutively express PBR.
One of these non-binders had specific binding of PBR28 on an in vitro assay using peripheral
lymphocytes. We do not know why some subjects have [(11)C]PBR28 binding while others do not.
We also do not know why one non-binder had positive in vitro binding and negative in vivo
binding on PET imaging. No study has reported absent binding with [(11)C](R)-PK 11195. In
order to better understand the phenomenon of non-binding, we need to obtain [(11)C](R)-PK
11195 PET scans in subjects that are [(11)C]PBR28 non-binders.
Study Population:
This protocol will study a total of 30 healthy human volunteers.
Design:
Fifteen subjects will undergo PET imaging with [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 using
arterial blood sampling for fully quantitative image analysis. These subjects may have
dedicated brain PET imaging or whole body PET imaging.
Fifteen subjects will undergo PET imaging with [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 without
arterial blood sampling. These subjects will have whole body PET imaging.
All subjects will have in vitro PBR28 binding assays performed.
Outcome Measures:
Our primary outcome measures will be the distribution volume and time stability of each
radioligand. We also wish to determine if subjects with absent [(11)C]PBR28 binding also have
absent [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 binding. The presence or absence of [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK
11195 binding will be evaluated in brain and in peripheral organs. Lastly, we will measure in
vitro binding of PBR28 by performing binding assays using peripheral blood cells.
In response to brain inflammation, microglia over-express the peripheral benzodiazepine
receptor (PBR). Although peripheral organs such as the heart and kidney express PBR
constitutively, the brain normally expresses PBR in low numbers. Increased PBR density in the
brain therefore signifies a change from a normal state to an active, inflammatory state.
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can quantify PBR density in vivo using
radioligands that bind to PBR sites. One PBR-selective radioligand, [(11)C](R)-PK 11195, has
been used to identify areas of brain inflammation in patients with various neurological
diseases. Unfortunately, [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 has several limitations, including low specific
signal. A recently developed radioligand, [(11)C]PBR28, has higher specificity than
[(11)C](R)-PK 11195 for PBR in animal studies. No study to date has compared [(11)C]PBR28 to
[(11)C](R)-PK 11195 in human subjects.
In early clinical studies using [(11)C]PBR28, 4 of 32 healthy human subjects had complete
absence of radioligand binding, even in peripheral organs that constitutively express PBR.
One of these non-binders had specific binding of PBR28 on an in vitro assay using peripheral
lymphocytes. We do not know why some subjects have [(11)C]PBR28 binding while others do not.
We also do not know why one non-binder had positive in vitro binding and negative in vivo
binding on PET imaging. No study has reported absent binding with [(11)C](R)-PK 11195. In
order to better understand the phenomenon of non-binding, we need to obtain [(11)C](R)-PK
11195 PET scans in subjects that are [(11)C]PBR28 non-binders.
Study Population:
This protocol will study a total of 30 healthy human volunteers.
Design:
Fifteen subjects will undergo PET imaging with [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 using
arterial blood sampling for fully quantitative image analysis. These subjects may have
dedicated brain PET imaging or whole body PET imaging.
Fifteen subjects will undergo PET imaging with [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 without
arterial blood sampling. These subjects will have whole body PET imaging.
All subjects will have in vitro PBR28 binding assays performed.
Outcome Measures:
Our primary outcome measures will be the distribution volume and time stability of each
radioligand. We also wish to determine if subjects with absent [(11)C]PBR28 binding also have
absent [(11)C](R)-PK 11195 binding. The presence or absence of [(11)C]PBR28 and [(11)C](R)-PK
11195 binding will be evaluated in brain and in peripheral organs. Lastly, we will measure in
vitro binding of PBR28 by performing binding assays using peripheral blood cells.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Subjects must be healthy and at least 18 years of age.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Current psychiatric disease, substance abuse or severe systemic disease based on
history and physical exam.
- Laboratory tests with clinically significant abnormalities.
- Prior participation in other research protocols or clinical care in the last year such
that radiation exposure, including that from this protocol, would exceed the
guidelines set by the Radiation Safety Committee (RSC).
- Pregnancy or breast feeding.
- Positive result on urine screen for illicit drugs.
- Subjects who cannot lie on their back for extended periods of time.
- Subjects with significant claustrophobia who cannot tolerate an MRI scan.
- Subjects with cardiac pacemakers or metal in their bodies.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Click here to add this to my saved trials
