Effect of IV Lidocaine Infusions on Pain

Each patient will receive an intravenous infusion of lidocaine. Drug will be infused using a
computer-controlled paradigm. This paradigm allows increasing plasma concentrations in a
step-wise manner, keeping the concentration during each infusion step constant. Plasma
concentrations will be increased gradually from 0 to 5 ug/ml in a method at the discretion of
the medical team. This will be conducted according to standard medical practice for the
infusion and the study procedures will not affect the infusion paradigm. Total infusion time
is approximately 1-2 hours. During the course of the study, the primary outcome measure was
changed from blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal to pain intensity.

Inclusion Criteria:- subjects between the ages of 18 and 100 years for clinical component;
subjects between the ages of 18 and 70 for the MRI component

- meets the study criteria of chronic pain of either peripheral or central origin

- male or a non-pregnant, non-lactating female. If females are of reproductive potential
(i.e., not surgically sterilized and/or not post menopausal), they must be practicing
an accepted method of birth control, agree to a urine pregnancy test at the start of
each study session (for patient scheduled through the clinic, this has already been
addressed by the recommending physician)

- is not currently on a sodium channel blocking agent, anticonvulsant, or tricyclic
antidepressant,

- must be able to comply with any other study requirements and complete experimental
tasks

- have no reported substance abuse within the past six months;

Exclusion Criteria:- subject is lactating or pregnant;

- subject suffers from clinically significant cardiac, pulmonary, renal or liver
disease;

- subject allergic to lidocaine.

- MRI Component: any metal objects (especially surgical clips), devices, or implants or
any other MRI contraindication