Quantitative in Vivo Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Other Indications, Psychiatric, Diabetes |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Psychiatry / Psychology, Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 30 - 55 |
| Updated: | 5/5/2018 |
| Start Date: | September 2009 |
| End Date: | December 2014 |
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development and complications of diabetes.
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance or insufficiency in diabetes can cause oxidative stress
by excessive reactive oxygen species and can increase damage and alter antioxidant status in
nerve cells. Antioxidant defense mechanisms protect against damage or restore oxidative
damage. Glutathione, a powerful antioxidant plays a key role in the first line of antioxidant
defense and seems to be a sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in various diseases such as
diabetes. Glutathione functions in the regeneration of vitamin C which is another crucial
antioxidant. Both hyperglycemia and insulin insufficiency inhibit uptake of vitamin C. The
brain contains measurable amounts of glutathione that contribute to the antioxidant pool in
the brain and guards against disease processes that are caused by oxidative stress. Since the
brain is the most highly oxidative organ in the body and highly susceptible to oxidative
stress, with increasing impact on diabetes, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain
through the use of novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques for glutathione and vitamin C
will be studied.
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance or insufficiency in diabetes can cause oxidative stress
by excessive reactive oxygen species and can increase damage and alter antioxidant status in
nerve cells. Antioxidant defense mechanisms protect against damage or restore oxidative
damage. Glutathione, a powerful antioxidant plays a key role in the first line of antioxidant
defense and seems to be a sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in various diseases such as
diabetes. Glutathione functions in the regeneration of vitamin C which is another crucial
antioxidant. Both hyperglycemia and insulin insufficiency inhibit uptake of vitamin C. The
brain contains measurable amounts of glutathione that contribute to the antioxidant pool in
the brain and guards against disease processes that are caused by oxidative stress. Since the
brain is the most highly oxidative organ in the body and highly susceptible to oxidative
stress, with increasing impact on diabetes, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain
through the use of novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques for glutathione and vitamin C
will be studied.
The brain contains measurable amounts of glutathione that contribute to the antioxidant pool
in the brain and guards against disease processes that are caused by oxidative stress. Since
the brain is the most highly oxidative organ in the body and highly susceptible to oxidative
stress, with increasing impact on diabetes, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain
through the use of novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques for glutathione and vitamin C
will be studied.
in the brain and guards against disease processes that are caused by oxidative stress. Since
the brain is the most highly oxidative organ in the body and highly susceptible to oxidative
stress, with increasing impact on diabetes, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain
through the use of novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques for glutathione and vitamin C
will be studied.
Inclusion Criteria:
- 30-55 years of age
- Diabetic being treated with diet and any of the following: insulin, or other diabetic
specific drug such as metformin, sulfonylurea or sitagliptin.
- Healthy subjects age and gender matched to diabetes patient
Exclusion Criteria:
- Use of any anti-inflammatory or antioxidant medications other than small daily doses
of Aspirin (ASA:325 mg) and a daily multivitamin
- Co-existing chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid
arthritis, chronic or acute infections
- Any concurrent neurological disease except for mild diabetic autonomic or peripheral
neuropathy
- Postmeal C peptide > 0.3 mg/dl
- Normal healthy subjects who have any abnormal inflammatory marker, hyperlipidemia, or
concurrent disease
- Diseases associated with abnormal glutathione metabolism
- Elevated serum creatinine levels, abnormal complete blood count (CBC), abnormal liver
function tests or elevated serum homocysteine
- Morbid obesity
- History of hypoglycemic unawareness
- Pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding
- Patients with poor venous access
- Smokers
- Subject who consumes an excess of alcohol or abuses drugs
- History or or presence of bleeding disorder or use of anticoagulant drug
- History of oxalate renal calculi
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