Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to Evaluate Brain Injury in Congenital Heart Disease
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Cardiology, Neurology |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Cardiology / Vascular Diseases, Neurology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | Any |
| Updated: | 4/21/2016 |
| Start Date: | August 2009 |
| End Date: | January 2016 |
Role of Inflammatory Response in Brain Injury Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring surgery frequently have brain injury
seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This occurs in approximately 40% of these
newborns, and even though these are full-term infants, the injury seen closely resembles the
same form of brain injury that can be seen in premature babies. Much like premature
newborns, infants with CHD also have long-term neurodevelopmental problems (in over 50%).
The investigators do not know why infants with CHD get this specific form of brain injury.
One risk factor is felt to be the inflammation that occurs in response to heart-lung bypass
(cardiopulmonary bypass, or CPB), a necessary feature of open-heart surgery. Newborns have a
stronger inflammatory reaction to CPB than older children or adults. The investigators do
know from animal experiments and other human data that inflammation can be harmful to the
developing brain.
The investigators hypothesize that children with CHD requiring surgery as a newborn have
brain injury due to toxicity from the inflammatory response. The investigators will test
this by enrolling newborns undergoing heart surgery to measure markers of inflammation,
measure brain injury by MRI, and then test their developmental outcome at 1 and 2 years of
age.
An association between inflammation and injury might impact what medicines are chosen to
protect the brain in future studies, even in other populations such as preterm infants.
seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This occurs in approximately 40% of these
newborns, and even though these are full-term infants, the injury seen closely resembles the
same form of brain injury that can be seen in premature babies. Much like premature
newborns, infants with CHD also have long-term neurodevelopmental problems (in over 50%).
The investigators do not know why infants with CHD get this specific form of brain injury.
One risk factor is felt to be the inflammation that occurs in response to heart-lung bypass
(cardiopulmonary bypass, or CPB), a necessary feature of open-heart surgery. Newborns have a
stronger inflammatory reaction to CPB than older children or adults. The investigators do
know from animal experiments and other human data that inflammation can be harmful to the
developing brain.
The investigators hypothesize that children with CHD requiring surgery as a newborn have
brain injury due to toxicity from the inflammatory response. The investigators will test
this by enrolling newborns undergoing heart surgery to measure markers of inflammation,
measure brain injury by MRI, and then test their developmental outcome at 1 and 2 years of
age.
An association between inflammation and injury might impact what medicines are chosen to
protect the brain in future studies, even in other populations such as preterm infants.
Term infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring neonatal surgery have an unusual
susceptibility to white matter injury (WMI), a neuropathology typically seen in preterm
infants. The mechanism of this brain injury is unclear. Newborns with CHD may experience a
dramatic peri-operative inflammatory response during critical periods of neurodevelopment.
Experimental models suggest certain pro-inflammatory cytokines can be toxic to developing
oligodendrocytes, resulting in white matter pathology. The consequence of exposure to the
systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in this group of patients is unknown; however,
neuroimaging abnormalities (seen in approximately 40%) and neurodevelopmental impairment
(noted in approximately 50%) are both well established in children with CHD. We hypothesize
that term newborns with complex CHD requiring neonatal surgery have WMI due to neurotoxicity
from the profound peri-operative inflammatory response. These hypotheses will be tested in a
prospective longitudinal study that will characterize the SIR (Aim 1) in a heterogeneous
group of congenital lesions/surgeries, assess brain injury in the post-operative period (Aim
2), asses neurodevelopment outcomes at 1 and 2 years (Aim 3), and determine whether
inflammation plays a mechanistic role (Aim 2a, 3a).
susceptibility to white matter injury (WMI), a neuropathology typically seen in preterm
infants. The mechanism of this brain injury is unclear. Newborns with CHD may experience a
dramatic peri-operative inflammatory response during critical periods of neurodevelopment.
Experimental models suggest certain pro-inflammatory cytokines can be toxic to developing
oligodendrocytes, resulting in white matter pathology. The consequence of exposure to the
systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in this group of patients is unknown; however,
neuroimaging abnormalities (seen in approximately 40%) and neurodevelopmental impairment
(noted in approximately 50%) are both well established in children with CHD. We hypothesize
that term newborns with complex CHD requiring neonatal surgery have WMI due to neurotoxicity
from the profound peri-operative inflammatory response. These hypotheses will be tested in a
prospective longitudinal study that will characterize the SIR (Aim 1) in a heterogeneous
group of congenital lesions/surgeries, assess brain injury in the post-operative period (Aim
2), asses neurodevelopment outcomes at 1 and 2 years (Aim 3), and determine whether
inflammation plays a mechanistic role (Aim 2a, 3a).
Inclusion Criteria:
- Term or near-term (> 35 week gestation) neonates with CHD presenting for cardiac
surgery
- Less than 30 days old
- No patient will be excluded because of race or ethnicity
- Parental or legal guardian consent will be obtained for all patients prior to
enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
- Newborns with multiple organ abnormalities in addition to their heart defect such as
diaphragmatic hernia, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and congenital syndromes will be
excluded from participation
- Newborns with either genetic syndromes or congenital infections that are associated
with developmental delay will also be excluded
- Newborns with perinatal depression as defined by a cord blood gas pH < 7.0 or a 5
minute Apgar score < 5, will be excluded
- Patients with multiple organ failure, syndromes, and perinatal depression have other
causes for neurodevelopmental abnormalities
- Those patients unable to return for postoperative follow-up and neurodevelopmental
testing will also be excluded from participation
- Parent or legal guardian unable or unwilling to consent
- Non-English speaking families
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