Optical Coherence Tomography: An Adjunct to Flexible Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

OCT could become a powerful tool in diagnostic pulmonary medicine, not only in the early
recognition of lung cancer, but also in the evaluation and monitoring of microstructures in
the lower respiratory tract that are affected by other inflammatory or invasive disease
processes. Initially, OCT could be used to guide the location of biopsies which would
likely provide increased specificity to traditional bronchoscopy. However, if the
sensitivity and specificity of OCT images are comparable to histologic specimens, this
technology may in the future provide a non-invasive "optical biopsy", which could
potentially obviate the need for conventional biopsies in patients with high risks for
complications, such as bleeding.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Subjects 18-99 years of age

- Presence of an endobronchial mass

- Need for flexible bronchoscopy, with endobronchial biopsies

Exclusion Criteria:

- PCO2 > 47 mm Hg, and/or long term Oxygen therapy

- Unwillingness to undergo fiberoptic bronchoscopy

- Coagulopathy, defined as a platelets count < 100.000/mm3, or an INR> 1.4, or known
clinical bleeding disorder

- Therapy with anticoagulant, including Coumadin and Clopidogrel

- Renal dysfunction, defined as a Creatinine > 2 mg/dl

- Life-threatening arrhythmias, or history of myocardial infarction within 6 months

- Cerebrovascular Accident within the preceding 6 months

- Facial abnormality preventing safe introduction of the bronchoscope

- Uncontrolled hypertension

- Active liver disease

- Pregnancy or Breastfeeding

- Prisoners

- Inability to give informed consent