Educating Missouri Patients About Preemptive Living Donor Transplantation

Preemptive living donor transplant (PLDT), where renal patients get a living donor
transplant before their kidneys fail, has better graft survival and lower mortality rates
than living donor transplant following dialysis. However, not all renal patients and their
living donors know about or consider living donation before a patient starts dialysis; To
date, patients and donors presenting for PLDT are more likely to be Caucasian, of higher
socioeconomic status, and more knowledgeable about transplant. To reach all patients newly
diagnosed with kidney disease, the Missouri Kidney Program conducts a community Patient
Education Program (PEP) outlining patients' transplant and dialysis options. Since 1994,
approximately 2000 Missouri patients newly diagnosed with kidney disease and their family
members have attended 2-day PEP classes. However, the current PEP transplant module does not
significantly increase patients' willingness to pursue PLDT. Through a previous HRSA grant,
Dr. Waterman designed the "Explore Transplant" education program based on Prochaska's
Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change and her previous research to address key gaps in
patients' living donation knowledge and to motivate patients to consider living donation. If
funded, this study would conduct a group-randomized controlled trial to explore whether
improved community transplant education for renal patients not yet on dialysis could
increase patients' willingness to pursue PLDT and PLDT rates. Secondary objectives of the
study are: (2) to increase rural and minority patients' access to transplant education, and
(3) to describe racial, social, economic, and other influences affecting patients' PLDT
willingness. The study design is a group-randomized controlled trial of 300 patients in 30
PEP classes in St. Louis, Springfield, and Kansas City, MO; patients and their family
members in 15 classes will be randomized to receive the "Explore Transplant" education
module, while 15 control classes will receive the traditional PEP transplant education.
Across the education and control PEP classes we will compare: (1) increased willingness to
pursue PLDT using baseline and follow-up attitudinal patient surveys, and (2) rates of
living donation by tracking whether patients and their living donors present to any Missouri
transplant center. At the conclusion of the study, we will have learned important
information about how to reach and educate patients who have not yet begun dialysis and have
developed a PLDT program that could be utilized in physicians' offices and by other
organizations serving renal patients to increase living donation rates.