Collecting and Studying Blood and Tissue Samples From Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Prostate or Bladder/Urothelial Cancer

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Obtain tissue through tumor biopsies and/or surgical resection and matched blood samples
from patients with localized and metastatic prostate and bladder/urothelial cancer for:
mutation mapping using OncoMap and other high throughput genotyping technologies; sequencing
of tumor genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); global assessment of gene expression to
generate hypotheses that can be tested in subsequent trials (by gene expression microarrays
and/or complementary [c]DNA sequencing; profiling of genes involved in androgen metabolism
and DNA repair; quantitating peptides, hormones and other locally-derived or systemic
metabolites present in tumor tissues.

II. Obtain samples from controls, including blood or tissue for comparison with samples noted
above.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine whether levels of other androgen synthetic enzymes predict responses to agents
targeting the androgen-androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis.

II. Determine whether intratumoral androgen levels are increased compared to serum levels,
and whether they correlate with androgen synthetic enzyme levels and/or responses to therapy.

III. Determine whether time to progression on therapy correlates with androgen biosynthetic
enzymes or hormone levels.

IV. Determine whether gene expression profiling can predict response and time to progression
for chemotherapy or targeted agents.

V. Identify immune B and/or T cell markers, sequencing and/or antibodies that may correlate
with response, time to progression and/or overall survival for patients undergoing
immunotherapy.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo collection of blood and tissue samples for analysis via mutation mapping,
DNA sequencing, gene expression microarray, and gene profiling.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients with localized and/or metastatic bladder/urothelial or prostate cancer who
have disease in the primary organ, biopsy accessible bone metastases (collaborating
radiologists will determine if bone metastasis is appropriate for biopsy) or soft
tissue metastases are eligible; men and women without cancer are eligible to have
blood or normal tissue collected if acquired as part of non-research procedures (e.g.
transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder); in patients without malignancy,
no additional tissue beyond that necessary for care will be procured

- Ability to adequately understand and give informed consent

- Local or metastatic disease to soft tissue or bone at sites accessible to biopsy with
minimal risk of complications Or the ability to obtain tissue with minimal risk of
complication from a surgical procedure being conducted as a part of another research
study Or for standard of care purposes or patients who have archival tissue collected
for research or standard of care who are willing to donate archival tissue for this
study

- Alternatively, men and women without cancer or who are at risk of developing cancer
are eligible to have blood or normal tissue collected if acquired; tissue will only be
acquired as part of non-research procedures (e.g. transurethral resection of the
prostate or bladder; in patients without malignancy, no additional tissue beyond that
necessary for care will be procured

- Platelet count > 50,000

- White blood cell (WBC) > 1,500

- Hemoglobin (Hgb) > 8.0

- International normalized ratio (INR) < 1.5

- Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) < 45

- No history of excessive unexplained bleeding from previous surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patients unable to stop chronic anticoagulation with warfarin or Lovenox for less than
3 days

- Serious or uncontrolled infection

- Treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (such as Avastin)
within the past 28 days