Effect of Food Form on Satiety and Gastric Emptying

Our objective is to determine whether food form (liquid vs. solid) alters gastric emptying,
satiety, and food intake, when all macronutrients and fiber are controlled. The study
population will include 10 healthy women, who have a normal body mass index. We have chosen
to evaluate only women because this is a small pilot study and one of our endpoints is
gastric emptying. Gastric emptying is known to differ between men and women. Gastric
emptying will be evaluated using the Smartpill technology, satiety will be evaluated using
computerized visual analog scales/questions, and food intake will be measured by providing
subjects with an ad libitum/buffet-style lunch.

Our hypothesis is that our subjects will be less hungry after they eat a solid breakfast
compared to a liquid breakfast. We also hypothesize that our subjects will have a slower
gastric emptying time after they eat the solid meal. Lastly, we think subjects will want to
eat less food at lunch time if they have eaten a solid meal compared to a liquid meal for
breakfast.