Specialized Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk Behavior in HIV-Infected Men

Past research has shown that HIV-uninfected men who receive counseling regarding high-risk
sexual behavior are less likely to engage in such behavior with other men. The rising rates
of HIV infection among gay men suggest that some HIV-infected men are still engaging in
high-risk sexual activity. There are several existing counseling interventions that focus on
reducing high-risk sexual behavior, but the need exists for an intervention specifically
targeted to HIV-infected men. This study will focus on the development of a specialized
counseling intervention to help HIV-infected men identify and re-evaluate their
"self-justifications," which are their thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs when deciding to
engage in high-risk sexual activity with other men. In turn, this counseling may decrease
the incidence of high-risk sexual behaviors, thereby reducing HIV infection rates among gay
men. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the specialized counseling intervention
versus a standard risk-reduction counseling intervention in promoting safer sexual activity
among HIV-infected men.

This study will consist of two phases. In Year 1, interviews will be conducted with 30
HIV-infected men who have engaged in high-risk unprotected sex within the previous 12 months
with HIV-uninfected partners or partners with an unknown HIV status. The data resulting from
these interviews will aid in the development of a specialized counseling intervention that
is specifically geared for HIV-infected men. In Years 2 through 4, approximately 400
HIV-infected men will be randomly assigned to receive either the specialized counseling
intervention or a standard counseling intervention. All participants will attend two
counseling sessions: the first will occur at study entry and the second will occur 6 months
later. Outcome measurements will be assessed at the second counseling session and again 6
months later, and will include self-reports of unprotected sex and laboratory testing for
the presence of sexually transmitted diseases.