Switching From Efavirenz to Atazanavir/ Ritonavir in HIV-infected Subjects With Good Virologic Suppression

Our study will evaluate the effects on peripheral fat of switching from EFV to ATV/r over 96
weeks in HIV+ patients with clinical lipoatrophy. From a virologic standpoint, EFV and ATV/r
are medications which are recommended equally as preferred components of antiretroviral
regimens in the December 2009 version of the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents
in HIV-1 Infected Adults and Adolescents.[20] The study subjects should be receiving a stable
EFV-containing antiretroviral (ART) regimen for at least 48 weeks prior to study entry. Blood
will be saved for further investigations if needed. Safety parameters will be regularly
assessed throughout the study. In addition, a subcutaneous fat biopsy will be obtained to
measure fat mtDNA, mtRNA, and fat apoptosis. These measurements would provide significant
insight into the clinical changes which have been recently described.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. HIV infection

2. Age > or = 18 years old.

3. Signed informed consent.

4. Clinical lipoatrophy of at least moderate severity and in at least two different areas
of the following: face, arms, legs, or buttocks (as self reported by the patient and
confirmed by the physician).

5. Women of childbearing potential must be using an adequate method of contraception to
avoid pregnancy throughout the study in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is
minimized.

6. All subjects must not participate in a conception process (e.g. active attempt to
become pregnant or to impregnate, sperm donation, in vitro fertilization), and if
participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the female subject/
male partner must use condoms (male or female) in addition to one of the following
forms of contraception while on study: either a spermicidal agent, diaphragm, cervical
cap, IUD, or hormonal-based contraception.

Prior to study enrollment, women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must be advised of
the importance of avoiding pregnancy during trial participation and the potential risk
factors for an unintentional pregnancy. In addition, men enrolled on this study should
understand the risks to any sexual partner of childbearing potential and should
practice an effective method of birth control.

7. Receiving EFV-containing antiretroviral regimen for at least the last 48 weeks prior
to study entry. Backbone NRTI regimens can include tenofovir, abacavir, emtricitabine,
and/ or lamivudine. Backbone NRTI regimens cannot include zidovudine, stavudine, or
didanosine. Breaks in therapy for a maximum of 5 consecutive days will be allowed
during these 48 weeks, including the period immediately preceding study entry.

8. Patient willing and able to stop aspirin/ NSAIDS for 7 days before study entry and the
scheduled skin biopsy procedures.

9. HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mL for at least 90 days prior to study entry.

10. Laboratory values obtained within 60 days prior to study entry:

1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 500 / mm3

2. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL

3. Platelet count ≥ 75,000/ mm3

4. Creatinine clearance > 50 mL / min

5. PT/PTT < 1.2 ULN

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Receipt of AZT, d4T, ddI, or ddC at study entry or within 24 weeks of entry

2. Life expectancy < 12 months

3. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

4. WOCBP unwilling to use contraception WOCBP who are unwilling or unable to use an
acceptable method to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period

5. Women with a positive pregnancy test.

6. Sexually active fertile men not using effective birth control if their partners are
WOCBP.

7. Other Exclusion Criteria

1. Prisoners or subjects who are involuntarily incarcerated.

2. Subjects who are compulsorily detained for treatment of either a psychiatric or
physical (eg, infectious disease) illness.

8. Clinically important illness within 14 days prior to study entry

9. Inability to communicate effectively with the study personnel.

10. Bleeding diathesis

11. Supplementation with recombinant growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor,
anabolic steroids, estrogen or testosterone, unless it is for replacement purposes.

12. Have no plans to alter any vitamin supplementation that subjects are receiving at
study entry. This includes all vitamin supplementation, coenzyme Q, N acetyl cysteine,
L-acetyl carnitine, and uridine.