Tooth Smart Healthy Start: Oral Health Advocates in Public Housing

Dental caries is the most common, chronic disease of childhood, is increasing in prevalence,
and disproportionately affects individuals who are financially disadvantaged and from racial
and ethnic minority groups. Given the chronic nature of dental caries, clinically based
preventive and restorative care alone will likely be inadequate to decrease disparities in
early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence. We posit that a multimodal community-based approach,
which addresses the chronic, infectious and multifactorial nature of dental caries, will be
more effective than either behavioral counseling and the chemotherapeutic effects of fluoride
alone. In addition to counseling and fluoride application, a successful community-based
multimodal intervention will also need to equip caregivers with the skills to become involved
in the prevention and management of ECC.

This group randomized clinical trial will test if a community-based multimodal intervention
will reduce the 2-year ECC incidence of children aged 0-5 living in public housing
developments. The intervention combines evidence based components and a unique delivery
setting (public housing). We hypothesize that the multimodal intervention comprised of oral
health assessment and feedback, fluoride varnish application, and motivational interviewing
delivered by Dental Health Advocates (trained public housing residents) can reduce incidence
of ECC in 0-5 year olds compared with a control group that receives oral health assessment
and feedback, fluoride varnish application, and written oral health education materials.

This study is well poised for dissemination. Ultimately, this work could be disseminated
nationwide and could potentially improve the oral health of over 500,000 family households
and over 1 million children living in public housing.

Inclusion Criteria:

- be living in participating public housing sites

- have one or more children 0-5 years old or be in their third trimester of pregnancy

- plan to live in their current housing development for the ensuing 24 months

- be able and willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

- caregivers unable to communicate orally in English or Spanish

- subject child has a known systemic disease associated with abnormal tooth development
or abnormal oral health status such as cleft lip or palate, Burkett's lymphoma,
osteogenesis imperfecta, ameliogenesis imperfecta, or dentinogenesis imperfecta

- children who have a known allergy to fluoride varnish and its components

- caregivers less than 15 years old