Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of an Omega-3 Fatty Acid and a Multivitamin and Antioxidant Nutritional Preparation

The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) and AmeriSciences have entered into a Space Act Agreement (1), the primary objectives
of which are the development of nutritional products in the form of dietary supplements to
maintain homeostasis, and as countermeasures to reduce the biological effects and damages of
long-duration spaceflight mediated through oxidative stress both in low Earth Orbit and
planetary exploration of the solar system, as well as to provide optimal nutritional
supplementation to aid in pre-spaceflight conditioning.

NASA has determined through pre-, in-, and post-flight assessment of cells, animals and
humans that spaceflight induces oxidative stress on crewmembers. There are multiple potential
sources of oxidative injury to include, but not limited to space radiation, noise, fuel
reaction products, planetary regolith, and exercise. Furthermore, NASA has also determined
that several foreseen and unforeseen physiological events can be controlled, avoided, or
encouraged by means of dietary modification through supplements. Due to unforeseen limitation
in the available fresh food supply for envisioned exploratory missions, it is desirable for
NASA to have nutritional supplementation available to provide crewmembers with augmentation
for the intrinsic defense systems against oxidative damage, as well as for potential
nutritional contingencies such as food shortages and optimization of the diet. NASA has
identified the need for specific micronutrient formulations to complement natural food
sources, for astronaut protection during long-duration space flight.

AmeriSciences is a nutritional company that specializes in science-based product formulation,
manufacturing under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) using standards modeled after those
used by the pharmaceutical industry. It has been charged with the co-development, aid,
clinical evaluation, construction, and production of said micronutrient formulations, to the
level of specifications required to meet NASA's expectations for safety and efficacy.

Inclusion Criteria:

To be eligible, patients must meet the following eligibility criteria:

1. Male or Female subject between the ages of 21 and 65 years

2. Capable of providing informed consent

3. Patients currently taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (i.e. "statin" drugs), or any
other drug known to interfere with serum transaminase (i.e. liver enzymes), must have
history of stable liver function test since first taking such drugs.

4. Patients who usually and customarily take dietary supplements, including vitamins,
must undergo a two-week washout period

Exclusion Criteria:

To be eligible, patients must not meet any of the following exclusion criteria:

1. Exposure to any investigational drug within 90 days of the beginning of this study

2. Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity or Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS); history of Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) vital infection,
unexplained elevated serum transaminase, or other hepatic disease. NOTE: HIV, HCV and
HBV testing will not be performed as part of screening.

3. History of cancer within the last 5 years, except for basal or squamous cell cancer.

4. Allergy to fish (specifically sardines, anchovies or mackerel) or any of the
investigational product components

5. Concomitant use, or use within less than a two-week period, of any other dietary
supplement

6. Concomitant use of any drug known to interfere with laboratory measures such as:

1. Niaspan (extended release niacin)

2. Lamisil (terbinafine HCl)

3. Chronic use of acetaminophen (>1,500 mg/day) (occasional use for minor aches and
pains is excluded from this restriction)

4. New prescriptions (< 90days) of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ("statins"), or
patients currently on statins who have previously shown evidence of elevated
serum transaminases

7. Currently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosis, or other
autoimmune disorders known to interfere with laboratory measures

8. Pregnancy, Lactation, or females actively attempting to become pregnant

9. History of alcoholism or drug abuse, unless it is determined that such past use would
not influence laboratory measures (DSN4 criteria)

10. Any other active disease of a life-threatening nature or laboratory abnormality that,
in the judgment of the investigator, may interfere with the interpretation, or
increase risk of patient participation

11. Conditions that require nutritional therapy, such as:

1. Pernicious anemia

2. Iron-deficiency anemia

3. Hartnup Disease or Pellagra

4. Scurvy

5. Beriberi-induced Endemic Neuritis