Effects of Antipsychotics on Eating and Food Craving in People With Schizophrenia
| Status: | Archived |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Obesity Weight Loss, Schizophrenia |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Psychiatry / Psychology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | Any |
| Updated: | 7/1/2011 |
| Start Date: | September 2010 |
Background:
- Although second-generation antipsychotic medications have fewer serious side effects and
complications than first-generation ones, they are strongly associated with weight gain for
reasons that are as yet unknown. Comparing the effects of second-generation antipsychotics
with a high weight-gain liability (HWGL) low weight-gain liability (LWGL) antipsychotics may
provide more information on which medications are best suited for different individuals.
Researchers are interested in studying how people taking various antipsychotics compare with
controls in regard to food craving and eating behavior. This knowledge should help to guide
practitioners when advising patients about the weight-gain effects of these medications.
Objectives:
- To examine eating behavior and food craving in patients with schizophrenia who are taking
HWGL antipsychotics compared with those taking LWGL antipsychotics and with healthy controls
taking no antipsychotics.
Eligibility:
- Individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia
or a related disorder, have a body mass index between 25 and 29.9, and have never had
an eating disorder.
- Healthy individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who have a body mass index between
25 and 29.9 and have never had an eating disorder.
Design:
- This study involves an initial screening visit and four study visits.
- Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical examination, as well
as questionnaires about stress levels, food cravings, smoking, exercise, and eating
habits; a taste test; and saliva collection (to measure stress hormones).
- Visit 2: Participants will have an optional overnight stay, and will provide blood
samples before having a breakfast beverage and answering questions about tiredness,
anxiety, hunger, and alertness during a 1.5 hour session.
Visit 3: Participants will have an optional overnight stay and a light breakfast, followed
by blood draws and questions about hunger and food cravings.
Visit 4: Participants will have an optional overnight stay, followed by questions about food
preference. Participants will not be allowed to eat until mid-morning of the next day.
Visit 5: Participants will eat normally before arriving at the research site, and will have
tests to measure food craving and questionnaires about mood and feelings.
Objective
Some second-generation antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and clozapine, seem especially
prone to induce metabolic complications and substantial increases in weight. The mechanisms
of these side effects are unknown, but may include antagonism at histamine H1 receptors. We
will refer to olanzapine and clozapine as antipsychotics with a high weight-gain liability
(HWGL). The primary aim of this project is to examine eating and food craving in patients
with schizophrenia who are taking HWGL antipsychotics compared with those taking LWGL
antipsychotics (mid- to high-potency first-generation antipsychotics, aripiprazole, or
ziparasidone) and compared with healthy controls taking no antipsychotics. The
antipsychotics we are classifying as LWGL group do not have appreciable H1 receptor
antagonism. We will exclude participants taking antipsychotics that have middling degrees
of H1 receptor antagonism (e.g. quetiapine).
This study will help us understand how people with schizophrenia differ from controls on
eating and food craving, as well as the effects of different classes of antipsychotics.
This knowledge should help to guide practitioners when advising patients about the
weight-gain effects of these medications. For example, if we find that participants on HWGL
antipsychotics tend to crave high-fat foods, practitioners can work with patients to
anticipate and mitigate this side effect.
Study population. The study population will be in- or outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of
schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder stabilized on either olanzapine or clozapine (HWGL
antipsychotics) (N=20), aripiprazole, ziprasidone, or a first-generation antipsychotic (LWGL
antipsychotics) (n=20), and normal controls (people with no Axis I psychiatric disorder
taking no antipsychotic medication) (n=20), for a total of 60 participants. All participants
will be between the ages of 18 to 45 years and considered overweight (BMI greater than or
equal to 25 and less than or equal to 29.9 kg/m(SqrRoot)). The pediatric population has been
excluded to rule out certain hormonal effects (e.g. puberty) on eating behavior. A BMI
range encompassing participants that are overweight was selected to maximize recruitment and
to minimize confounding effects of BMI on eating behavior. Exclusion criteria will include
weight-related conditions and current dietary restrictions.
Experimental design and methods. In a between-subjects design, the three study groups will
be compared in terms of four domains of eating behavior: (1) food craving, (2) satiety
signaling, (3) meal size (satiation), and (4) food preferences. Assessments will occur
during five study visits (including an initial visit for consenting and screening).
Outcome measures: Primary outcome measures will include a preload-test meal paradigm
(satiety), meal size perception and satiation, food preference, food craving, and gustatory
functioning. Secondary measures will include: Weight and Eating Assessment questionnaire,
Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI),
Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Tobacco Craving
Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), BMI,
hip/waist measurements, and fasting blood work: CBC, CMP14, lipid panel, leptin, ghrelin,
adiponectin, and thyroid panel.
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