A Study to Compare the Effects of Different Sized Particles on Cells in the Nose

Cough, bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are all associated with
elevated pollution particle levels. Researchers believe that particulate pollutants can
exacerbate allergy and inflammation and affect asthma and allergy prevalence. In an urban
setting such as the Los Angeles Basin, particles generated by vehicular traffic are thought
to be important risk factors. Recently, the Environmental Health Centre of Southern
California confirmed that there is a strong association between traffic near homes and
schools and development of asthma. This study will help researchers describe the effects of
various size pollution particles in causing inflammation in the nose.

There will be a total of 20 study visits. The study procedures include physical exams,
symptom score for nose, nose washes and nose challenges with particulate matter. The
particulates will be given in a random order and include the following: saline (sterile salt
water), inert carbon particles (Carbon Black), diesel exhaust particles (DEP), small (fine)
particles or very small (ultrafine) particles. These last two (fine and ultrafine) particles
are obtained from concentrated normal Los Angeles air. The particulate will be sprayed into
the nose with a standard nasal spray.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Previously determined high inflammatory responders to Diesel Exhaust Particles

- Previously determined atopy as demonstrated by allergy skin testing

- Asymptomatic on day of challenge.

Exclusion Criteria:

- History of lung problems (including asthma), bleeding, neuromuscular, liver, kidney
or heart disorders.

- History of anaphylaxis.

- Recent upper respiratory infection (less than 4 weeks prior to study) or other active
infection.

- Active smoker or smoker in the past 2 years.

- Treatment with topical nasal steroids (< 1 month), systemic steroids (<1 month), oral
antihistamines (< 1 week) prior to any nasal challenge.

- Use of leukotriene receptor antagonist (< 1 month ) prior to any nasal challenge

- Intranasal antihistamine or cromolyn use < 1 week prior to any nasal challenge .

- History of treatment with allergy immunotherapy.

- Inability to perform nasal lavage.

- Inability to give written informed consent

- Pregnancy