CONcomitant eValuation of Epicor Left atRial Therapy for AF

Inclusion Criteria:

- 18-80 years old

- Permanent AF defined as continuous AF lasting > one year OR non self-terminating AF
lasting > seven days but no more than one year with at least one failed DC
cardioversion

- Have a concomitant indication for open chest and/or open heart surgery for one or more
of the following: mitral valve repair or replacement, aortic valve repair or
replacement, tricuspid valve repair or replacement, patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure
or coronary artery bypass surgery

- Be able to take anticoagulation therapy

- Be able to fulfill study requirements

- Be able to sign study-specific informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

- Presence of a previously implanted device in or adjacent to the treatment target area
that may alter the delivery of therapy

- Prior cardiac surgery

- Presence of active endocarditis, local or system infection

- Presence of advanced heart failure (NYHA class > II, & LVEF < 20%)

- Intraaortic balloon pump, IV inotropes or vasoactive agents within 30 days

- Emergent cardiac surgery due to acute MI or acute mitral regurgitation

- Life expectancy < 1 year

- Major or progressive non-cardiac disease

- Presence of left atrial thrombi

- Left atrial diameter > 6.0 cm

- Any condition that prevents investigator from safely performing procedure

- Positive urine or serum pregnancy test

- Prior left atrial ablation

- Currently participating in another clinical research study