Healthier You: Optimizing Screening, Brief Interventions, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) in the Emergency Department
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Hospital, Psychiatric |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Psychiatry / Psychology, Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 60 |
| Updated: | 4/21/2016 |
| Start Date: | February 2011 |
| End Date: | March 2014 |
Optimizing SBIRT for Drug-Using Patients in an Inner-City Emergency Department
Screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for drug use/abuse offers
opportunities for early detection, brief intervention/treatment, and substance use treatment
referrals for patients in medical settings. Although SBIRT components, particularly
screening and brief interventions, have been shown to be effective strategies for addressing
alcohol misuse in primary care, data are limited on using all of the components of SBIRT for
drug-using patients, particularly in the Emergency Department (ED). Further, because of the
often chaotic environment of EDs, many logistical and practical impediments exist for the
adoption of the entire SBIRT model in this setting.
opportunities for early detection, brief intervention/treatment, and substance use treatment
referrals for patients in medical settings. Although SBIRT components, particularly
screening and brief interventions, have been shown to be effective strategies for addressing
alcohol misuse in primary care, data are limited on using all of the components of SBIRT for
drug-using patients, particularly in the Emergency Department (ED). Further, because of the
often chaotic environment of EDs, many logistical and practical impediments exist for the
adoption of the entire SBIRT model in this setting.
The proposed study will use computerized screening using touch screen computer tablets with
audio (~4,900 patients) and will test intervention strategies in a two-factorial design
(3x2). Specifically, 900 patients aged 18-60 in an inner-city ED who screen positive for
drug use in the past 3 months will be randomized to the combinations of three ED-based
conditions (computer brief intervention-CBI; intervener brief intervention-IBI; enhanced
usual care-EUC), and two follow-up conditions (adapted motivational enhancement
therapy-AMET; enhanced usual care-EUC) that will take place 3 months post-ED. All
individuals who meet criteria for a drug use disorder will additionally receive the
"referral to treatment" or "RT" component of SBIRT. Stratified random assignment [by gender
and diagnosis of a drug use disorder (yes/no)] will take place at baseline for all ED based
and follow-up conditions. All participants will receive written information including
substance abuse and other community resources, and HIV prevention materials. Recognizing
that brief interventions are important, but not necessarily sufficient, for change in all
patients who use drugs, the primary specific aims of the proposed study will determine the
independent effectiveness of immediate "on-the-spot" ED-based brief intervention conditions,
3-month followup brief treatment conditions, and combinations of conditions, for decreasing
drug use and improving health-related outcomes (including physical and mental health, and
HIV risk behavior) at 6 and 12 months.
audio (~4,900 patients) and will test intervention strategies in a two-factorial design
(3x2). Specifically, 900 patients aged 18-60 in an inner-city ED who screen positive for
drug use in the past 3 months will be randomized to the combinations of three ED-based
conditions (computer brief intervention-CBI; intervener brief intervention-IBI; enhanced
usual care-EUC), and two follow-up conditions (adapted motivational enhancement
therapy-AMET; enhanced usual care-EUC) that will take place 3 months post-ED. All
individuals who meet criteria for a drug use disorder will additionally receive the
"referral to treatment" or "RT" component of SBIRT. Stratified random assignment [by gender
and diagnosis of a drug use disorder (yes/no)] will take place at baseline for all ED based
and follow-up conditions. All participants will receive written information including
substance abuse and other community resources, and HIV prevention materials. Recognizing
that brief interventions are important, but not necessarily sufficient, for change in all
patients who use drugs, the primary specific aims of the proposed study will determine the
independent effectiveness of immediate "on-the-spot" ED-based brief intervention conditions,
3-month followup brief treatment conditions, and combinations of conditions, for decreasing
drug use and improving health-related outcomes (including physical and mental health, and
HIV risk behavior) at 6 and 12 months.
Inclusion Criteria:
- patients age 18-60 years presenting to the HMC for medical care (except exclusions as
noted below)
- ability to provide informed consent. Additional inclusion criteria for intervention:
past 3-month use of illicit drugs or misuse of psychoactive prescription drugs
Exclusion Criteria:
- patients who do not understand English (less than 1% in our prior work) -
- prisoners
- patients classified by medical staff as "Level 1 trauma" (e.g., unconscious,
intubated on respirators, in need of immediate lifesaving procedures such as surgery)
- patients deemed unable to provide informed consent as stated above (e.g.,
intoxication, mental incompetence)
- patients treated in the ED for suicide attempts or sexual assault
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