Exercise and Inflammation

Aerobic exercise - the most widely recommended health behavior - is recognized to reduce the
risk of coronary heart disease, so much so that consensus panels routinely include it as part
of a cardioprotective regimen for healthy people, but the physiological or mechanistic basis
of this protection is uncertain. Understanding the mechanisms has considerable public health
significance because it will allow development and testing of targeted interventions to
produce comparable cardioprotective effects more directly or in cases where aerobic exercise
is not possible. This application proposes to test the hypothesis that aerobic training leads
to attenuation of the inflammatory response to LPS stimulation and to examine the role played
by exercise-induced increases in vagal activity, improvements in mood, and decreased
expression of Toll Receptor 4 (TLR4), the cognate receptor for endotoxin expressed by
monocytes.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 20-45 years old

2. English-speaking

3. Ambulatory

4. BMI < 32

5. Pre-menopausal (women only) with regular cycle lengths between 26-32 days

6. "Average" fitness as determined by American Heart Association standards (VO2max < 43
ml/kg/min for men, < 37 ml/kg/min for women) VO2max test

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Use of anti-psychotic medications

2. Current of past major depressive disorder, or total symptom score > 10

3. BMI<18

4. Heart disease

5. Hypertension

6. Diabetes mellitus

7. Neurologic disease

8. Smoking

9. Individuals with ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral vascular
disease, orthopedic problems such as foot, leg, hip and spine problems,movement
disorders, other neurological disorders affecting gait or balance, conditions or
treatments associated with impaired thermoregulation, or other medical problems, for
which aerobic training would be contraindicated.

10. Use of any medication with autonomic effects

11. Use of birth control medication

12. Ischemic changes, abnormal blood pressure responses, significant ectopy

13. Appears to be at high risk to be unable to adhere to study protocol