Chemotherapy and HAART to Treat AIDS-related Primary Brain Lymphoma
| Status: | Recruiting |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Brain Cancer, HIV / AIDS, Lymphoma |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Immunology / Infectious Diseases, Oncology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 99 |
| Updated: | 3/27/2019 |
| Start Date: | December 16, 2005 |
| End Date: | July 31, 2021 |
| Contact: | Anaida Widell |
| Email: | awidell@cc.nih.gov |
| Phone: | (301) 451-3694 |
AIDS-Related Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Phase II Pilot Study of High-Dose Intravenous Methotrexate With Rituximab Leucovorin Rescue and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
This study will investigate the use of chemotherapy plus highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) in patients with AIDS-related primary brain lymphoma. None of the drugs used in this
study are experimental, but chemotherapy plus HAART has not been established as a standard
treatment in patients with AIDS. The chemotherapy regimen used in this study (see below) was
chosen because it may be less toxic to immune cells called T-lymphocytes than most drug
treatments for lymphoma.
People with AIDS 18 and older and have primary brain lymphoma may be eligible for this study.
Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, MRI, CT and PET
scans, cerebrospinal fluid studies, brain biopsy at tumor sites, if possible,
electrocardiogram and blood tests.
Participants undergo six 2-week "induction treatment" cycles of HAART plus chemotherapy with
methotrexate, rituximab and leucovorin, followed by two 4-week "consolidation" treatment
cycles using HAART, methotrexate and leucovorin, and then HAART alone. Rituximab is given by
intravenous (IV, through a vein) day 1 of each cycle. Also on day 1 IV fluids are given to
lower acidity in the urine to protect the kidneys from the methotrexate. On day 2,
methotrexate is infused through a vein over 4 hours. Starting 24 hours after initiation of
the methotrexate infusion, leucovorin is given every 3 to 6 hours (first IV and then possibly
by mouth) until the drug decreases to a target level in the blood. HAART is begun as soon as
possible. The specific HAART regimen for each patient is determined individually. All
patients are hospitalized the first week of every 2-week treatment cycle for safety
monitoring. In addition to HAART and chemotherapy, patients undergo the following tests and
procedures:
- Intellectual functioning: Before starting treatment, patients are tested for their
ability to understand basic concepts and coordination in order to be able to evaluate
how the brain lymphoma affects thinking and concentration. After the lymphoma appears to
have resolved, more formal and intensive tests are done. The intensive tests are
repeated each year, and shorter, interim tests are done about every 6 months. Also, a
specialist periodically monitors patients' understanding of HAART and the importance of
this therapy.
- Blood tests: Blood is drawn every day during hospitalizations to measure methotrexate
levels and to evaluate kidney and liver function and blood counts. Blood is also drawn
before starting therapy, when the lymphoma disappears, 6 months after completing
treatment, and any time it appears that the lymphoma may have recurred to test for
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus that is almost always present in AIDS-related primary
brain lymphoma.
- Imaging tests: Patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission
tomography (PET) scans periodically to monitor the effects of treatment on the lymphoma.
MRI scans are done after the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th treatments, then every 2 months for
three times, every 3 months for six times, every 6 months for four times, and then every
year for 5 years, or sooner if there is a concern about the brain. PET scans are done
after the first cycle, after the MRI suggests the lymphoma is gone, and then yearly.
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): This test is done to look for EBV in the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF). Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted in the space between the bones
in the lower back where the CSF circulates below the spinal cord and a small amount of
fluid is collected through the needle. This test is done at the same times as the blood
tests for EBV.
- Eye examinations: Patients' eyes are examined periodically because brain lymphoma can
sometimes spread to the eye and because some people with AIDS-related primary brain
lymphoma are at risk of certain eye infections.
(HAART) in patients with AIDS-related primary brain lymphoma. None of the drugs used in this
study are experimental, but chemotherapy plus HAART has not been established as a standard
treatment in patients with AIDS. The chemotherapy regimen used in this study (see below) was
chosen because it may be less toxic to immune cells called T-lymphocytes than most drug
treatments for lymphoma.
People with AIDS 18 and older and have primary brain lymphoma may be eligible for this study.
Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, MRI, CT and PET
scans, cerebrospinal fluid studies, brain biopsy at tumor sites, if possible,
electrocardiogram and blood tests.
Participants undergo six 2-week "induction treatment" cycles of HAART plus chemotherapy with
methotrexate, rituximab and leucovorin, followed by two 4-week "consolidation" treatment
cycles using HAART, methotrexate and leucovorin, and then HAART alone. Rituximab is given by
intravenous (IV, through a vein) day 1 of each cycle. Also on day 1 IV fluids are given to
lower acidity in the urine to protect the kidneys from the methotrexate. On day 2,
methotrexate is infused through a vein over 4 hours. Starting 24 hours after initiation of
the methotrexate infusion, leucovorin is given every 3 to 6 hours (first IV and then possibly
by mouth) until the drug decreases to a target level in the blood. HAART is begun as soon as
possible. The specific HAART regimen for each patient is determined individually. All
patients are hospitalized the first week of every 2-week treatment cycle for safety
monitoring. In addition to HAART and chemotherapy, patients undergo the following tests and
procedures:
- Intellectual functioning: Before starting treatment, patients are tested for their
ability to understand basic concepts and coordination in order to be able to evaluate
how the brain lymphoma affects thinking and concentration. After the lymphoma appears to
have resolved, more formal and intensive tests are done. The intensive tests are
repeated each year, and shorter, interim tests are done about every 6 months. Also, a
specialist periodically monitors patients' understanding of HAART and the importance of
this therapy.
- Blood tests: Blood is drawn every day during hospitalizations to measure methotrexate
levels and to evaluate kidney and liver function and blood counts. Blood is also drawn
before starting therapy, when the lymphoma disappears, 6 months after completing
treatment, and any time it appears that the lymphoma may have recurred to test for
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus that is almost always present in AIDS-related primary
brain lymphoma.
- Imaging tests: Patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission
tomography (PET) scans periodically to monitor the effects of treatment on the lymphoma.
MRI scans are done after the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th treatments, then every 2 months for
three times, every 3 months for six times, every 6 months for four times, and then every
year for 5 years, or sooner if there is a concern about the brain. PET scans are done
after the first cycle, after the MRI suggests the lymphoma is gone, and then yearly.
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): This test is done to look for EBV in the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF). Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted in the space between the bones
in the lower back where the CSF circulates below the spinal cord and a small amount of
fluid is collected through the needle. This test is done at the same times as the blood
tests for EBV.
- Eye examinations: Patients' eyes are examined periodically because brain lymphoma can
sometimes spread to the eye and because some people with AIDS-related primary brain
lymphoma are at risk of certain eye infections.
Background: AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL) is an
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven lymphoproliferative process that typically results in death
within a few months. Essentially all of the cases are immunoblastic CD20+ tumors, and occur
once the CD4+ cells have fallen to below 50 cells/mm^3. Highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) can result in immune reconstitution that decreases the risk of AR-PCNSL. However, a
subset of HIV-infected patients still develops ARPCNSL, often because they are unaware that
they are HIV infected, or they do not take HAART. Treatment options for such patients are
limited. In the non-AIDS setting, chemotherapy has become the standard of care for primary
central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and late neurocognitive decline consequent to
radiotherapy can be avoided by such approaches. In the pre-HAART era, AR-PCNSL was generally
treated with whole brain radiotherapy, however death due to recurrent lymphoma or to other
AIDS complications occurred prior to the potential manifestations of late occurring
radiation-related neurotoxicity. Radiation-sparing approaches have not been studied in
AR-PCNSL in the HAART era, where advances in antiretroviral therapy have made curative intent
chemotherapy feasible for most patients with HIV infection.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to estimate the fraction of patients with
AR-PCNSL receiving experimental treatment consisting of HAART, combined with rituximab,
high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin (R-HD-MTX) who are alive and without recurrent lymphoma
or severe cognitive problems at two years. .
Eligibility: HIV-infected, age 18 years or older, AR-PCSNL that has not previously been
treated, and be able to give informed consent or have a durable power of attorney who can
provide informed consent, HIV profile that makes them likely to respond to HAART. There are a
number of other specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, in part to exclude patients who
would be unlikely to tolerate the therapy.
Design: Phase II pilot study investigating R-HD-MTX given with leucovorin rescue and HAART as
a treatment for AR-PCNSL. Evaluation will include quantitative measurement of lymphocyte
subsets, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of HIV and EBV viral loads (including
both blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the case of EBV) to assess immune response and
anti-viral effects. Tumor evaluation with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain
fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET scans) will be used for
staging and response assessment. Longitudinal neuropsychologic testing after complete
responses are documented will serve to evaluate neurocognitive parameters post therapy.
a separate cohort for additional secondary endpoints.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven lymphoproliferative process that typically results in death
within a few months. Essentially all of the cases are immunoblastic CD20+ tumors, and occur
once the CD4+ cells have fallen to below 50 cells/mm^3. Highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) can result in immune reconstitution that decreases the risk of AR-PCNSL. However, a
subset of HIV-infected patients still develops ARPCNSL, often because they are unaware that
they are HIV infected, or they do not take HAART. Treatment options for such patients are
limited. In the non-AIDS setting, chemotherapy has become the standard of care for primary
central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and late neurocognitive decline consequent to
radiotherapy can be avoided by such approaches. In the pre-HAART era, AR-PCNSL was generally
treated with whole brain radiotherapy, however death due to recurrent lymphoma or to other
AIDS complications occurred prior to the potential manifestations of late occurring
radiation-related neurotoxicity. Radiation-sparing approaches have not been studied in
AR-PCNSL in the HAART era, where advances in antiretroviral therapy have made curative intent
chemotherapy feasible for most patients with HIV infection.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to estimate the fraction of patients with
AR-PCNSL receiving experimental treatment consisting of HAART, combined with rituximab,
high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin (R-HD-MTX) who are alive and without recurrent lymphoma
or severe cognitive problems at two years. .
Eligibility: HIV-infected, age 18 years or older, AR-PCSNL that has not previously been
treated, and be able to give informed consent or have a durable power of attorney who can
provide informed consent, HIV profile that makes them likely to respond to HAART. There are a
number of other specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, in part to exclude patients who
would be unlikely to tolerate the therapy.
Design: Phase II pilot study investigating R-HD-MTX given with leucovorin rescue and HAART as
a treatment for AR-PCNSL. Evaluation will include quantitative measurement of lymphocyte
subsets, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of HIV and EBV viral loads (including
both blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the case of EBV) to assess immune response and
anti-viral effects. Tumor evaluation with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain
fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET scans) will be used for
staging and response assessment. Longitudinal neuropsychologic testing after complete
responses are documented will serve to evaluate neurocognitive parameters post therapy.
a separate cohort for additional secondary endpoints.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Positive HIV serology (previous records acceptable)
- Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
- Confirmed histopathologic diagnosis by NCI Laboratory of Pathology
- If tissue diagnosis is not feasible for any reason, such as undue risk to the patient
to acquire tissue diagnosis, the following will be accepted as confirmed AR-PCNSL
diagnosis:
- Positive brain FDG-PET and
- EBV detected in the CSF using PCR
- Age 18 years or greater
- ECOG performance less than or equal to 0-4
- Ability to understand and willing to provide informed consent
- If patient unable to understand informed consent, a previously designated durable
power of attorney for healthcare or an individual with legal authority may substitute
in this capacity
- Assignment of a durable power of attorney for healthcare if not already done
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Prior therapy for CNS lymphoma
- Steroids not an exclusion
- Evidence of lymphoma outside of the central nervous system
- Ocular involvement will not exclude
- Multidrug resistant HIV not amenable to long-term suppression based on either or both:
- Clinical history of poor adherence to multiple antiretroviral drugs deemed sufficient
to render effective HIV control unattainable;
- HIV mutational analysis (genotyping and/or phenotyping) that reveals high-level
resistance to more than 1 class of anti-HIV drugs such that a combination regimen
comprised of agents from at least two drug classes can not be devised to suppress HIV
long-term.
- Refusal to adhere to HAART
- Concurrent malignancy other than Kaposi sarcoma, resectable squamous cell or basal
cell skin cancer, or T1 anal cancer amenable to surgical resection.
- Heart failure, Class IV by New York Heart Association criteria
- Chronic Liver Disease, Child-Pugh class B or C
Pregnancy
- Refusal to practice contraception during chemotherapy.
- Any condition or set of circumstances that the Principal Investigator or Protocol
Chair interprets as creating undue risk to the patient by participating on this study
or would make the patient unlikely to comply with the study.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Phone: (888) NCI-1937
Click here to add this to my saved trials
