Affect Recognition: Enhancing Performance of Persons With Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Research has demonstrated that persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) often have
difficulty recognizing emotions. This includes emotions portrayed in facial expressions, as
well as inferring emotions based on social context. The ability to identify emotions in
others is an essential component for the engagement of successful social interactions. It
has been suggested that a decreased ability to recognize emotions may result in
inappropriate behaviors and have a detrimental impact on social relationships. Despite the
significance of this problem, very few studies have addressed this need in the ABI
population.

Comparisons: Three groups receiving computer-based training programs. Two of the groups are
trained to learn how to identify emotions of happy, sad, angry and fearful. The third
training experience presents participants with a variety of learning tasks from managing
money to grocery shopping.

1. Facial Affect Recognition (FAR) group: This group is shown faces on the computer and
asked to identify the emotion being expressed. Subjects are also asked to describe
situations that they associate with the emotions being trained, as well as mimic facial
expressions in a mirror.

2. Stories of Emotional Inference (SEI) group: This group is asked to read stories on the
computer that describe the interaction of events with characters' beliefs, wants and
behaviors. From this information, subjects are asked to infer the emotions of the
characters throughout the stories.

3. Cognitive Training Group (CTG): This group is given educational experiences in a
variety of life skill areas including banking and applying for a job. This training is
aimed at resolving some of the frustrations experienced by persons with ABI. Subjects
may learn various computer skills including, Word, Excel, Internet Search or Games.

Before and after training, emotion recognition will be measured with pictures of faces;
vocal recordings; stories that give the contextual cues to emotion; and hypothetical
situations. In addition, participants' cognitive skills, social behavior and integration
will also be assessed.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Age between eighteen and sixty-five years old.

- At minimum, one year post-injury.

- Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 12 or less, or stroke with hemi-paresis signifying a
moderate to severe acquired brain injury.

- A TBI that resulted in either a closed or open head injury or a stroke that resulted
in severe disability

- Perform at least one standard deviation below the norm on the DANVA2-Adult Faces
test, a standardized assessment of facial affect recognition.

- Verbally able to express a basic understanding of emotional descriptors (e.g. Happy,
sad, angry, fearful).

- Demonstrate basic comprehension for short paragraphs presented in 2 ways:
1)auditorily and 2)silent reading. This measure is part of the Discourse
Comprehension Test.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Diagnosed mental illness.

- Uncorrected visual acuity.

- Uncorrected hearing impairment.

- Perceptual impairment (visual neglect and/or visual discrimination).

- Impaired verbal expression/ aphasia

- Alcohol or substance abuse.