The Feeding Dynamic Intervention: Self Regulation of Intake in Preschoolers

Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem. In the last three decade, there has
been a marked increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity. Currently, 23% of preschoolers
(2-5 years) in the United States are overweight or obese, a critical period to target in
hopes of reversing this trend. The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a novel
obesity intervention program for preschool-aged children. Emerging consensus indicates that
excessive, intrusive, overt control in feeding or a chaotic non-structured feeding
environment are risk factors for childhood obesity. The 2007 Expert Committee Recommendations
on the Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Childhood Obesity specifically identified
maternal feeding practices as important, categorically stating there is consistent evidence
to support "avoiding overly restrictive feeding behaviors." The guidelines emerged from a
growing body of literature indicating that overly controlling caregiver feeding behaviors, in
particular, significantly increase children's obesity risk.

Despite the evidence for the importance of feeding dynamics, no childhood obesity
interventions focused on this area have been rigorously tested. The Feeding Dynamic
Intervention (FDI) is a 12-week educational intervention. The intervention will be delivered
in a closed group setting and will consist of 6 intervention sessions lasting 90 minutes
each. We will recruit 84 mothers with 3- to 5-year-old obese children, randomly assigned to
either the FDI or a comparison to a waiting list control group (WLG). At the end of the 6
month study we will assess knowledge and behavioral changes between the groups on (i)
maternal self-reported feeding practices; (ii) improving energy compensation (COMPX),
decreasing Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH) and increasing mother-reported satiety
responsiveness in their child. Finally, we will investigate an exploratory hypothesis that
children in the FDI group, compared to children in the wait-list control group, will
demonstrate a lower increase in body mass index (BMI) z-score over 6 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

- The child is between ages 3-5 years (36 to 71 months). [Note if a family has more than
one qualifying child we will choose the child with the lower CEBQ SR score and if they
are equal we will randomly select the target child for the study dyad.]

- Child's body mass index > 85th percentile for age and sex

- This will be calculated based on age, weight and height using the Center for Healthy
Weight and Nutrition BMI calculator [if mother is unsure of the weight and height ask
whether she has been told her child is overweight or obese by the PCP]

- Child has significantly abnormal parent-reported impairment of energy regulation
(Rating of 2.8 or lower on the CEB-Q).

- The mother is fluent in English (measures are limited to English at this time)

- Mother (or female caregiver) has primary legal and physical custody of the child and
is primarily responsible for feeding the child. Specifically the child is not in a
non-parental home daycare more than 20 hours/week. Structured child care centers are
not included in this limitation because they use structure care and feeding techniques
similar to those taught in the FeeDIn Program.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Child has a medical condition or takes a medication that affects appetite, eating, or
growth;

- Child has food allergies or dietary restrictions that interfere with feeding or the
study tests (i.e., milk, gluten and eggs?)

- Child has any developmental or behavioral diagnosis that might affect his/her ability
to respond to a behaviorally-based intervention, e.g., cognitive impairment, language
delay, or autism.