Herpes Simplex Type 1 Suppression in Hepatitis C

This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effect of
500 mg valacyclovir twice daily on HCV viral load in HSV-1/HCV co-infected patients
seronegative for HSV-2. Potential participants will be recruited from the Jackson VAMC viral
hepatitis clinics. Eligible individuals will be invited to enroll in the study in a
noncoercive manner. Study personnel will obtain full informed consent.

Using a computer generation randomization scheme, patients will be randomized 1:1 in blocks
of 4 to receive valacyclovir 500 mg po twice daily or matching placebo. Patients will be
counseled on the signs and symptoms of herpes labialis and genital herpes and complete a
questionnaire to document medical/social history. Venipuncture will be performed every four
weeks (i.e., at every other follow-up visit) to monitor complete blood cell count, liver
function tests, serum levels of hepatitis C RNA and Herpeselect IgG HSV-2 ELISA. A
de-identified baseline serum sample will be collected and stored in VA approved research
space for future testing. At each visit, pill-count and tolerability of medications will be
assessed. Patients will be asked about signs or symptoms of genital herpes. Data will be
kept in a study chart labeled with the participant's coded study number in a locked office.
Information from each study visit will be recorded into the chart by the PI or RA and
entered into an encrypted database on a secure VA server. Baseline characteristics of the
placebo and intervention group will be compared using appropriate parametric tests. HCV
viral loads will be log10 transformed and analyzed using an intention to treat model.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Chronic hepatitis C infection with a detectable HCV RNA in the serum on two
occasions, 6 months apart

- Focus HSV-2 IgG negative and Focus HSV-1 IgG positive, using manufacturer's cut-offs

Exclusion Criteria:

- Antiherpes or immunomodulatory therapy during the past 30 days,

- HIV or chronic hepatitis B infection,

- Decompensated liver disease (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, coagulopathy,
jaundice/icterus),

- Creatinine clearance <50 ml/min.,

- Female subject who is pregnant or nursing,

- Gastrointestinal disorder which might result in malabsorption of valacyclovir,

- History of erythema multiforme major, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura or
hemolytic uremic syndrome,

- Allergy to valacyclovir or related drug.