Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and the Microbiome

The gut microbiota is known to be integral to gastrointestinal health and disease.
Psychological stress has been shown to significantly alter the gastrointestinal microbiota
of rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans. These studies have consistently shown decreases in
lactobacilli among other changes in species that correlate with an increase in diarrheal
symptoms. While it is unclear whether stress causes diarrhea leading indirectly to a
disruption in the native microbiota, or whether stress leads directly to changes in the
microbiota that then lead to diarrhea; there is a growing body of evidence to support the
latter. Differences in microbiota have also been shown to be present in irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS) and predispose or protect against other forms of diarrhea including bacterial
gastroenteritis and radiation-induced diarrhea. In addition, treatment with probiotics
containing lactobacillus and other species has been shown to help alleviate IBS symptoms.
Stress is hypothesized to act on the microbiota via the brain-gut axis through endocrine,
immunological, and/or neurological pathways. This proposed study aims to determine whether
decreasing stress levels in persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) & IBS can lead
to a change in the intestinal microbiota, assessed 3 weeks after enrollment. It also seeks
to determine if a change in intestinal microbiota correlates with a decrease in IBS
symptoms. We propose to use broad-range bacterial 16S rRNA gene PCR with 454 pyrosequencing
to characterize the fecal microbiota and correlate changes in bacterial communities to IBS
symptoms at baseline and after completion of an 8-week-stress reduction course in 15
patients with PTSD & IBS and to compare these findings to 5 patients with PTSD & IBS
undergoing usual care without a stress-reduction course.

Inclusion Criteria:

- posttraumatic stress disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

- psychosis

- suicidal ideation with intent