Functional Change in Endothelium After Cardiac cAtheterization, With and Without Music Therapy

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of music therapy before, during, and
after cardiac catheterization is associated on (a) change in reactive hyperemia index
measured before and after catheterization using peripheral arterial tonometry and (b)
patient stress and discomfort measured by a questionnaire, as compared to the standard of
care (no music during cardiac catheterization).

The hypothesis of the study is that music therapy during cardiac catheterization will be
associated with more favorable change in reactive hyperemia and higher patient satisfaction
compared to no music playback.