Expanded Cord Blood Cell Infusion Following Combination Chemotherapy in Younger Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients must have a diagnosis of AML or acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage according
to World Health Organization (WHO) classification with >= 5% of disease in bone marrow
(BM)

- Recipients of prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for AML or
acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage are eligible if they do not have graft-versus-host
disease (GVHD) or they have quiescent GVHD whether or not they are receiving
immunosuppressive therapy

- Must have a Lansky or Karnofsky performance status of >= 50; use Karnofsky for
patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age

- Patients must have recovered from the acute toxicity of all prior chemotherapy

- The following amounts of time must have elapsed prior to entry on study:

- 2 weeks from local radiation therapy (XRT)

- 8 weeks from prior craniospinal or if > 50% of the pelvis has been irradiated

- 6 weeks must have elapsed if other bone marrow radiation has occurred

- Adequate cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic function

- Patient must have a life expectancy of at least 2 months

- Females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test performed
within 7 days prior to the start of treatment

- Females of childbearing potential and males should agree to use adequate contraception
(barrier method of birth control) prior to study entry and for the duration of study
participation

Exclusion Criteria:

- Recipients of prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) with active
acute or chronic GVHD

- Patients with history of Down's syndrome, Fanconi anemia or other known marrow failure
condition

- Patients currently receiving other investigational drugs are not eligible

- Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as
specified in the protocol with the exception of intrathecal chemotherapy; this
includes the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib which must not be initiated until
patient demonstrates count recovery

- Patients with a systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled
despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment; uncontrolled systemic infections
require infectious disease consultation for verification

- Patients who are platelet refractory prior to initiation of protocol therapy

- Pregnant or lactating patients

- Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would
compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation,
follow up, or interpretation of study results