Modulation of Mucosal and Systemic Immunity by Hormonal Contraceptives

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 15-25 years of age (inclusive)

2. History of regular menstrual cycle

3. Not pregnant

4. No plan to become pregnant in the next 3 months

5. Interested in beginning use of OC, DMPA, or LNG-IUD

6. Able to read and provide written informed consent (and consent from a parent/guardian
if the participant is a minor)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Anticipated move out of area that prevents return for a follow-up visit

2. Unavailability for follow-up visit

3. Less than 90 days post-partum or post-abortion

4. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosed less than 30 days prior to enrollment

5. Use of OC, contraceptive ring or patch, single rod implant, LNG-IUD, or
copper-containing IUD less than 3 months prior to enrollment

6. DMPA injection less than 6 months prior to enrollment

7. History of immunosuppressive condition of current use of immunosuppressive
medications

8. History of a cervical malignancy

9. Detection of cervical anatomic pathologic conditions that preclude cervical biopsy
procurement

10. Intolerance or contradiction to use of OC, DMPA, or LNG-IUD