A Real-time, Contextual Intervention Using Mobile Technology to Reduce Marijuana Use in Youth

This study proposes a pilot randomized trial to further develop and test the Momentary
Self-Monitoring and Feedback + Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MOMENT) intervention, a
real-time, contextual intervention to reduce marijuana use over three months in
15-to-24-year-old primary care patients who use frequently. We will randomize 108 youth to
one of three arms: 1) MOMENT (MET + momentary self-monitoring + context-dependent feedback),
2) No-feedback (MET + momentary self-monitoring), or 3) MET-only. The three study arms will
permit evaluation of the relative contributions of the self-monitoring and feedback
components of the intervention above-and-beyond the MET and directly test the influence of
the intervention on the link between momentary context and marijuana-related outcomes.

The specific aims of the study are

Specific Aim 1: Continued Feasibility Evaluation. In our preliminary work, we demonstrated
that 1) youth perceive MOMENT to be easy to understand, comfortable, motivating, and helpful
in reducing their marijuana use, 2) we can recruit 4 participants/month (minimum rate for
the proposed study), and 3) we can successfully implement a MOMENT intervention study in the
proposed recruitment sites. Based on this work, we have identified additional areas of
feasibility on which to focus in the proposed study. Specifically, we aim to achieve:

1a. A signal response rate of at least 70% during each of three periods of momentary data
collection - baseline, intervention, and 3-month follow-up.

1b. A diary response rate of at least 70% during each momentary data collection period

1. c. A retention rate of at least 80% of participants at the 3-month follow-up.

Specific Aim 2. Early-Stage Efficacy Exploration. Our preliminary work showed that both
momentary and individual-level outcomes improved from baseline to three months
post-intervention. The primary momentary outcomes are desire to use marijuana when in a
triggering context and likelihood of use following exposure to a triggering context.
The primary individual-level outcomes are number of use events/week, 30-day percent of
days abstinent, dose/use event, and measures of motivation (importance of, readiness
for, and confidence about reducing use). Based on the preliminary findings, we will
explore these early-stage efficacy questions:

2. a. Will improvements in momentary outcomes be observed with MOMENT, but not MET-only?

(1) The association between exposure to self-identified trigger contexts and momentary
desire to use marijuana will be attenuated at three months, compared to pre-intervention.

(2) The likelihood of marijuana use following exposure to a trigger context will be reduced
at three months.

2b. Will improvements in individual-level outcomes be greater with MOMENT vs. MET-only?

1. The reduction in marijuana use frequency (events/week and 30-day percent of days
abstinent) and dose (per use event) will be greater at three months.

2. The increase in motivation to reduce or discontinue use will be greater at three
months.

2c. Will improvements in both levels of outcomes be greater with MOMENT vs. No-feedback?

Inclusion Criteria:

- Male or female between the ages of 15-24 years

- Patient of the Boston Children's Hospital Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine Clinic or
Martha Elliot Health Center Adolescent Clinic

- Ability to read and understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

- Medically or emotionally unstable, intoxicated or "high,", or otherwise unable to
give consent at the time of their appointment

- Have previously participated in this study

- Does not meet the above inclusion criteria