Pocket Echocardiography System (PES) for Detection of PDA in Neonates

All newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with orders for a cardiac echo
evaluation will be included in this study. Parents will be approached and provided a
description of the study. No written consent will be requested, but parents have the option
of opting out. If parents agree to be part of this study, a 5-minute PES scan will be
performed first so as to not bias the sonographer. Then, a full echocardiogram study will be
performed on a traditional FFES. The scans will be performed at the bedside. The images will
be reviewed and compared by fellow and/or attending and by experienced sonographer. The
scans will include short axis view, ductal view and arch view.

The objective of the study is to assess if the current FDA approved PES can detect PDA in
neonates as comparable to traditional full featured echo systems and/or physical exam alone.
Using PES for PDA diagnosis will be an accessible, economic and effective way of
complementing the findings in our physical exam by increasing diagnostic accuracy, and
detecting PDA's at the bedside comparable to a full size traditional echocardiographic
system.

Inclusion Criteria:

- All newborn infants with orders for cardiac echocardiography evaluation in clinically
stable condition

Exclusion Criteria:

- Known congenital heart disease.

- Clinically unstable (Meaning by unstable patients: Those patients that need
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or in maximum ventilatory or inotrope support and in
immediate need for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation or major surgery or whenever
the physician attending responsible for the clinical care of the patient considers
that a traditional echo needs to be done urgently)