Eye Movements and Reading Disabilities
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Cognitive Studies |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Psychiatry / Psychology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 7 - 13 |
| Updated: | 7/11/2015 |
| Start Date: | December 2013 |
| End Date: | July 2014 |
| Contact: | Laura L Kirkeby, Orthoptics |
| Email: | kirkeby.laura@scrippshealth.org |
| Phone: | 8587643176 |
Reliability of Clinical Eye Movement Tests as Screening Devices for Reading Disabilities
The mechanism of the eye movement anomalies seen in dyslexic patients is not well defined.
Some optometrists use observational eye movement tests as screening devices for dyslexia and
advocate eye movement therapy as a treatment option for dyslexia. The reliability of the
clinical eye movement tests and the efficacy of the eye movement therapies have not been
determined.
Saccades are the fast eye movements that move our eyes from one word to the next when we
read. The eye movement recordings from patients diagnosed with reading disorders, extra
ocular muscle imbalances and control patients (no learning disability or eye movement
disorder) will be analyzed and compared. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting
reading disorders will be determined for the Visagraph III and the Readalyzer. Although
these clinical tests are frequently used to diagnose saccadic inaccuracies and diagnose
dyslexia in school aged children, the validity of these clinical screening tests has not
been determined.
Some optometrists use observational eye movement tests as screening devices for dyslexia and
advocate eye movement therapy as a treatment option for dyslexia. The reliability of the
clinical eye movement tests and the efficacy of the eye movement therapies have not been
determined.
Saccades are the fast eye movements that move our eyes from one word to the next when we
read. The eye movement recordings from patients diagnosed with reading disorders, extra
ocular muscle imbalances and control patients (no learning disability or eye movement
disorder) will be analyzed and compared. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting
reading disorders will be determined for the Visagraph III and the Readalyzer. Although
these clinical tests are frequently used to diagnose saccadic inaccuracies and diagnose
dyslexia in school aged children, the validity of these clinical screening tests has not
been determined.
Inclusion Criteria:
- 1. Age 7 to 13 (Must be in at least 2nd grade, but not higher than 8th grade) 2.
Complete ophthalmic examination performed by a pediatric ophthalmologist and
orthoptist.
3. All ocular structures must be within normal limits. 4. Best corrected visual
acuity must be equal to or better than 20/30 in each eye.
5. Group 1:
1. Children with a reading disability must be given the diagnosis by a clinical
educational specialist, educational psychologist or neuro-behavioral
psychologist.
2. Children with a reading disability may not have any ophthalmic anomaly
determined by testing as described above. This includes but is not limited to
amblyopia, strabismus, nystagmus, or any organic disease.
6. Group 2
a. Eye movement disorder confirmed by testing by a pediatric ophthalmologist and/or
orthoptist b. All other ocular structures must be within normal limits (including
visual acuity).
7. Group 3:
1. No evidence of reading disability, attention deficit disorder or ocular anomaly,
including eye muscle or movement disorder as specified above.
Exclusion Criteria:
- 1. Myopia more than - 6.00 diopters (spherical equivalent) in either eye. 2.
Hyperopia more than + 6.00 diopters (spherical equivalent) in either eye. 3. History
of vision therapy or orthoptic treatment 4. Any ocular anomaly with the exception of
eye movement disorder for group 2.
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