Safety & Prevention Outcomes Study
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Gastrointestinal |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Gastroenterology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 60 |
| Updated: | 1/21/2018 |
| Start Date: | April 2013 |
| End Date: | January 2015 |
A Brief Prescription Opioid Overdose Intervention in an Emergency Department
Unintentional poisoning is a developing public health problem in the U.S. Unintentional
poisoning (or "overdose") deaths increased 157% among adults between 1999 and 2008. There
were ~700,000 emergency department (ED) visits due to overdoses in 2007. Medication-related
overdoses, particularly prescription opioid overdoses, have accounted for much of this
increase. There have been parallel increases in sales of opioids (with a 6 fold increase
between 1997 and 2007), as well as both medical and non-medical use of prescription opioids.
Prescription opioids are now among the most common of drugs used non-medically in the U.S.
The specific aims of this project are to: 1) Develop an ED-based tailored brief prescription
opioid overdose prevention intervention. We will examine therapeutic alliance, perceived
satisfaction, and perceived utility of the intervention; 2) Examine intervention effects on
precursors of overdose risk behavioral change immediately post-intervention. We will compare
intervention and control participants on knowledge, self-efficacy, readiness to change, and
behavioral intentions regarding overdose risk behavior; and 3) Examine intervention effects
on overdose risk behaviors six months post-intervention. We will compare intervention and
control participants on: 1) use of high dose/quantity of opioids; 2) using opioids in
combinations with certain psychoactive substances (i.e., alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and
sedatives); and, 3) route of administration.
poisoning (or "overdose") deaths increased 157% among adults between 1999 and 2008. There
were ~700,000 emergency department (ED) visits due to overdoses in 2007. Medication-related
overdoses, particularly prescription opioid overdoses, have accounted for much of this
increase. There have been parallel increases in sales of opioids (with a 6 fold increase
between 1997 and 2007), as well as both medical and non-medical use of prescription opioids.
Prescription opioids are now among the most common of drugs used non-medically in the U.S.
The specific aims of this project are to: 1) Develop an ED-based tailored brief prescription
opioid overdose prevention intervention. We will examine therapeutic alliance, perceived
satisfaction, and perceived utility of the intervention; 2) Examine intervention effects on
precursors of overdose risk behavioral change immediately post-intervention. We will compare
intervention and control participants on knowledge, self-efficacy, readiness to change, and
behavioral intentions regarding overdose risk behavior; and 3) Examine intervention effects
on overdose risk behaviors six months post-intervention. We will compare intervention and
control participants on: 1) use of high dose/quantity of opioids; 2) using opioids in
combinations with certain psychoactive substances (i.e., alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and
sedatives); and, 3) route of administration.
Inclusion Criteria:
- patients 18-60 presenting to the ED for medical care
- ability to provide informed consent
- Additional criteria for intervention: past extramedical opioid use
Exclusion Criteria:
- patients who do not understand English
- prisoners
- patients classified by medical staff as a "Level 1" trauma (e.g., in need of immediate
lifesaving procedures)
- patients deemed unable to provide informed consent
- patients treated in the ED for suicide attempt or sexual assault
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