Chinese Older Adults-Collaboration in Health (COACH)Study

The Depression/Hypertension in Chinese Older Adults - Collaborations in Health (COACH) Study
is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the COACH intervention to care as usual
(CAU) for the treatment of comorbid depression and hypertension (HTN) in Chinese older adult
rural village residents. COACH integrates the care provided by the older person's primary
care provider (PCP) with that delivered by an Aging Worker (AW; a lay member of the village's
Aging Association), supervised by a psychiatrist consultant. Based on chronic disease
management principles, the PCP is trained to use evidence based practice guidelines for
treatment of both HTN and depression, and provided with access to mental health consultation
regarding optimal management of the patient's depression. The AW is trained to conduct a
systematic assessment of the older person's social context to identify and reduce social and
environmental barriers to treatment adherence and response. AWs participate with the PCP in
developing multidisciplinary care plans for their shared patients, reinforce treatment
adherence and adoption of healthy behaviors, and emphasize activation and engagement of the
older person in activities designed to improve their connectedness to others and to the
community. Finally, PCP, AW, and Psychiatrist Consultant are trained to collaborate in their
shared clients' care.

One hundred and sixty villages will be randomized to deliver COACH or CAU to eligible
subjects who reside there (approximately 15 per village will meet criteria), or a total of
about 2400 subjects. Treatment will continue for one year, with research evaluations at
baseline, 3 6, 9, and 12 months.

Specific aims of the study are to determine whether COACH is more effective than CAU in
treating depression (Aim 1) and HTN (Aim 2); whether improvements in treatment adherence
precede reductions in depression and improvement in BP control (Aim 3a), and whether
improvements in depression symptoms precede improvements in BP control (Aim 3b); if COACH is
associated with greater improvements in health related quality of life than CAU (Aim 4); and
to compare the costs associated with each approach (Aim 5).

Inclusion Criteria:

- Community-dwelling residents registered to the selected village, and thus also
registered patients of the village's PCP.

- Age ≥ 60 years, the typical retirement age in rural China.

- Clinically significant depression defined as baseline PHQ-9 score ≥ 10.

- Diagnosis of hypertension

- Intact cognitive functioning (6-Item Screener score <3) to assure ability to
participate with the treatment team in management of their conditions.

- Capable of independent communication

- Capacity to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Incapable (no capacity) of giving verbal consent to this study.

- Acute high suicide risk at baseline assessment. Patients assessed to be dangerously
suicidal at later assessments will be discontinued from the study, their providers
notified, and their safety guaranteed.

- Psychosis, alcoholism. We exclude patients with psychosis or active alcoholism in the
past 6 months.