Vitamin D Supplementation and TB

In this randomized trial, the investigators will enroll 200 adults with active pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB; among whom 40 have HIV co-infections) at the time of TB diagnosis in S
India. The intervention will include daily vitamin D supplementation in 3 treatment arms
(600, 2000, and 4000 IU vitamin D), compared to placebo, for 12 months. The investigators'
primary objectives are to assess how vitamin D supplementation affects immunity
(immunological markers, immune competence) and serum vitamin D levels. Secondary outcomes
include TB treatment outcomes (successful sputum smear conversion, relapse) in all patients,
and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression among a subset of patients with
HIV co-infection.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Active TB diagnosis by GeneXpert

- HIV infection status (according to AMC HIV clinic medical records of enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay [ELISA] results)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Children (<18 years of age)

- 60 years of age

- Pregnant at baseline

- Other severe complications or illnesses requiring hospitalization

- Received TB treatment for greater than 4 weeks in the past 5 years

- Refused to participate

- Residing in a geographic location > 1 hour from AMC (by public transit)