Use of Baxter Animated Retching Faces (BARF) Scale to Measure Nausea in Children Who Speak Spanish
| Status: | Recruiting |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Hospital |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 7 - 17 |
| Updated: | 9/29/2018 |
| Start Date: | January 2014 |
| End Date: | November 2018 |
| Contact: | Margaret Owens-Stuberfield, RN |
| Email: | Margaret.Owens-Stuberfield@bcm.edu |
| Phone: | 832-824-5913 |
Pediatric research in the management of nausea has been limited by the absence of a reliable
method to quantify the intensity of this subjective symptom. In adults, the visual analog
scale (VAS) is an accurate tool, but this has not been shown to be reliable in young
children. A scale is a series of points made on a line that will be used for measurement; a
mark on the far left of the line shows little pain and the mark on the far right means alot
of pain.
method to quantify the intensity of this subjective symptom. In adults, the visual analog
scale (VAS) is an accurate tool, but this has not been shown to be reliable in young
children. A scale is a series of points made on a line that will be used for measurement; a
mark on the far left of the line shows little pain and the mark on the far right means alot
of pain.
By default the most common objective outcome measure used in pediatric studies has been the
incidence and number of emetic episodes. This measure, however, correlates poorly with the
somatic subjective symptom of nausea. Apfel et al have shown that 30-40% of adult patients
undergoing surgery have post discharge nausea and / or vomiting while 12% have vomiting.
These data on nausea in adults were based on a visual analog scale for nausea. There are no
data on the incidence of postoperative nausea in children since the severity of symptoms are
difficult to measure as younger children are known to be unable to use the VAS reliably.
Recently a pictorial scale for measuring nausea, the Baxter Animated Retching Faces (BARF)
scale, has been developed and shown to have construct, content and convergent validity as an
instrument to measure nausea in children. This was a two center study that was limited to
children who could speak English. The clinical usefulness of this scale in determining the
incidence of postoperative and post-discharge nausea in children has yet to be determined
including the lowest age where it can be used reliably, the score associated with a patient's
perception of a need for treatment, the minimum change in the scores of clinical relevance
and the test-retest reliability when nausea is rated as not having changed. The score has
also not been validated in children who speak Spanish. This study is designed to provide the
missing information and will specifically look at the Spanish speaking population.
incidence and number of emetic episodes. This measure, however, correlates poorly with the
somatic subjective symptom of nausea. Apfel et al have shown that 30-40% of adult patients
undergoing surgery have post discharge nausea and / or vomiting while 12% have vomiting.
These data on nausea in adults were based on a visual analog scale for nausea. There are no
data on the incidence of postoperative nausea in children since the severity of symptoms are
difficult to measure as younger children are known to be unable to use the VAS reliably.
Recently a pictorial scale for measuring nausea, the Baxter Animated Retching Faces (BARF)
scale, has been developed and shown to have construct, content and convergent validity as an
instrument to measure nausea in children. This was a two center study that was limited to
children who could speak English. The clinical usefulness of this scale in determining the
incidence of postoperative and post-discharge nausea in children has yet to be determined
including the lowest age where it can be used reliably, the score associated with a patient's
perception of a need for treatment, the minimum change in the scores of clinical relevance
and the test-retest reliability when nausea is rated as not having changed. The score has
also not been validated in children who speak Spanish. This study is designed to provide the
missing information and will specifically look at the Spanish speaking population.
Inclusion Criteria:
- (1) Spanish speaking children (2) Age > 7 years but below 18 years (3) Elective
surgery (4) American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-3 (Free from major
concurrent disorders) (5) Free from nausea and / or vomiting in the previous 24 hours
(6) Cognitive and communicative ability to rate the intensity of symptoms as described
below.
Exclusion Criteria:
- (1) Inability to understand or speak Spanish (2) Developmental delay (3) Blindness (4)
Impaired cognitive or communicative abilities including inability to rate the
intensity of symptoms (5) Surgical procedure where vision or hearing is anticipated to
be impaired in the immediate postoperative period (6) Nausea and /or vomiting within
24 hours of procedure, (7) Patient or parental refusal to participate (8) Pregnant
females
We found this trial at
1
site
Houston, Texas 77030
Principal Investigator: Watcha F Mehernoor, MD
Phone: 832-824-5800
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