Electric Stimulation of the Eye to Improve Vision After Trauma

The finely detailed, precise anatomy of the retina and optic nerve capture light impulses
from the environment through a biochemical process and then transmit these images to the
brain via electrical impulses conducted from the inner retina to the optic nerve and
ultimately to the occipital cortex.

In the human eye, three types of specialized ganglion cells transmit electrical impulses to
the brain. Among these three cell populations are rod and cone cells, which participate in
the photo-transduction step of light perception, along with other light sensitive ganglion
cells. It is a system whereby the photosensitive pigment rhodopsin (or one of its analogs)
rearranges in response to light, and this change in chemical structure fires electrical
impulses to the brain which in turn interprets the incoming impulses as a visual image.

Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation (TES) using the "OkuStim®" device delivers electrical
impulses to damaged and/or diseased photoreceptor cells. This electric stimulation of the
retina may help to preserve VA and/or the visual field.

Inclusion Criteria:

- You are 18 years or older.

- You have sustained trauma (more than 3 months before this study) OR been diagnosed
with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) (more than 6 months
before this study) OR been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and suffered visual
loss (more than 3 months before this study).

- You are willing and able to give written informed consent.

- You are able to commit to enrolling in the study during the full time period of up to
6 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

- You have any other significant ophthalmologic disease or condition (such as glaucoma,
retinal degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, +/- six diopters of myopia,
retinal detachment, exudative age-related macular degeneration).

- You have amblyopia (lazy eye) in affected eye, previously diagnosed.

- You are participating in any other interventional clinical trial.

- If you are pregnant OR a woman with childbearing potential who is unwilling to use
medically acceptable means of birth control for study duration OR woman unwilling to
perform a pregnancy test at study entry/screening.

- You are unable to give signed consent due to memory, medical, communication, language,
or mental health problems.

- You are less than 18 years old.

- You are unable or unwilling to complete the evaluation or questionnaire.

- Visual acuity better than 20/40

- Inability to detect phosphenes during threshold detection

- You are on seizure medications, or have a history of epilepsy.