Evaluation of An Oral Fluid Collection Device

The Study to evaluate the VioOne Oral Fluid Sample Collection Device (herein referred to as
VioOne Device) will consist of several sub-studies as described below:

A. Recovery Study

This study will determine the percent recovery of cotinine spiked into the oral fluid of
non-smokers collected with the VioOne Sample Collection Device.

1. Sample collection

Oral fluid will be collected per the VioOne package insert from five individuals
self-reported to be non-smokers. The samples collected will then be individually spiked
with cotinine to concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 or 25ng/mL. Two sets of each
concentration will be prepared. One set will be stored at 2-8°C prior to testing and
one set will be shipped per routine shipping conditions and tested upon return.

2. Testing

Each sample will then be tested in duplicate with the Calbiotech Cotinine ELISA assay
and the percent recovery will be calculated for each level by comparing the detected
concentrations to the spiked concentrations.

3. Data Analysis Percent recovery will be calculated for each level by comparing the
detected concentrations to the spiked concentrations.

B. Sensitivity/Accuracy Study The study goal is to show that the Calbiotech Cotinine ELISA
is capable of distinguishing smokers from nonsmokers when oral fluid samples collected with
the VioOne Sample Collection Device are used.

1. Sample Collection A minimum of two study sites will participate in this study.
Approximately 218 individuals will be enrolled in this study. At least 58 collected
samples must be from self-declared smokers. Oral fluid samples will be collected from
individuals, who will give the informed consent and self-report in an anonymous fashion
whether or not the individual is a smoker and number of cigarettes smoked per day on
average. Two samples will be collected from each individual for this study. One sample
will be collected using the VioOne Collection Device and one will be collected using a
commercially available saliva collection cup.

There will be no age, gender or race criteria for enrolling the patients.

2. Testing All samples collected with the VioOne Sample Collection Device will be tested
with the Calbiotech Cotinine ELISA and the neat saliva samples collected with the
saliva collection cups will be tested by GC/MS, the latter being the gold standard
method.

3. Data Analysis The GC/MS results will be used as the gold standard for assessing the
clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay using oral fluid samples collected
with the VioOne Oral Fluid Collection Device.

C. Assay Specificity Study Beverages and Household materials will be tested for interference
in the detection of cotinine in oral fluid.

1. Sample Collection Oral Fluid samples will be collected from individuals self-reported
as non-smokers and the resulting sample/buffer matrix will be pooled.

The pool will be divided into 15 aliquots and individually spiked each of the following
14 compounds. One aliquot form the pool will remain un-spiked. Each spiked aliquot will
then be further divided into three aliquots. One aliquot will remain spiked with the
compound only, one aliquot will be further spiked with 5ng/mL of Cotinine and one
aliquot will be further spiked with 15ng/mL Cotinine.

2. Testing Each sample will then be tested in duplicate.

The following compounds will each be spiked at a final concentration of 10% unless
otherwise noted:

Sugar Water Alcohol (Ethanol) Toothpaste Whole Blood (10mg/mL) Cranberry Juice Hydrogen
Peroxide Baking Soda Sodium Chloride Orange Juice Cola Cough Syrup Antiseptic Water
Hemoglobin (10mg/mL)

3. Data Analysis Results will be compared to the expected performance as measured in the
precision study. (the precision study does not require the use of collected human oral
fluid)

D. Assay Specificity Study

The effect of potential food and other oral cavity contaminants will be evaluated in a timed
study.

1. Sample Collection

Ten individuals self-reported to be non-smokers will be recruited for this study.

One sample will be collected using the VioOne Sample Collection Device from each
individual immediately prior to the start of the study. Each individual will then be
given a piece of hard candy to consume. Additional samples will be collected with
VioOne immediately post consumption, ten minutes post consumption then every thirty
minutes up to three hours.

After all samples are collected each sample will be divided into two aliquots. One
aliquot will be spiked with 5ng/mL cotinine and one aliquot will be spiked with 15ng/mL
cotinine.

2. Testing Each sample/spike/time point will be tested in triplicate

3. Data Analysis Results will be compared to the expected performance as measured in the
precision study. (the precision study does not require the use of collected human oral
fluid)

E. Stability of sample in sample collection buffer A study will be performed to establish
the stability of samples stored in sample collection buffer at various temperatures over
time.

1. Sample Collection

Oral Fluid samples will be collected from individuals self-reported as non-smokers and
the resulting sample/buffer matrix will be pooled.

The pool will be split into three aliquots. One aliquot will be spiked with 7.5ng/mL
cotinine, one aliquot will be spiked with 10ng/mL cotinine and one aliquot will remain
non-spiked.

Each one of the spikes and the non-spike will be aliquoted into four tubes and stored
at -20 oC, 2-8oC, room temperature and 37oC.

2. Testing

Each sample will be tested in eight replicates at Day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35.

3. Data analysis

The sample is considered stable at the test time point when the 95% confidence interval for
the cotinine concentration at a given day for the sample overlaps that of Day 0.

F. ELISA and Device Stability

A long term stability study will be performed to establish the stability and expiration
dating of the Calbiotech Cotinine ELISA assay along with the VioOne Sample collection
Device.

1. Sample Collection

At each testing time point, samples from three individuals will be collected. Each
individual will provide three samples- one with each of three lots of VioOne Sample
Collection Devices.

The resulting sample/buffer matrix obtained from each lot of VioOne Sample Collection
Device will be pooled (a total of 3 individual samples per pool and a total of 3
pools).

The resulting pools will then be divided into two aliquots. One aliquot will be spiked
with 5ng/mL cotinine and 25ng/mL cotinine.

2. Testing

Each spiked sample will be tested in eight replicates over a period of 21 months. Over
the course of testing, three ELISA assay lots will be used.

3. Data Analysis

The Calbiotech Cotinine ELISA assay and the VioOne Sample Collection Device are considered
stable when the samples tested at each time point produce results within the 95% confidence
interval for the cotinine concentration overlaps that of Day 0.

Inclusion Criteria:

- healthy adults (aged 18 or older)

Exclusion Criteria:

- individuals with significant health problems.