Meal Patterning on Weight Loss With Changes to Body Comp, Muscle and Metabolic Health
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Other Indications, Endocrine |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 19 - 50 |
| Updated: | 6/2/2017 |
| Start Date: | January 2014 |
| End Date: | November 2015 |
Effects of Dietary Protein Patterning on wt Loss and Resistance Training-induced Changes in Body Comp, Skeletal Muscle, and Indices of Metabolic Syndrome
About two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese with likely adverse
health consequences. A Moderate weight loss by dieting and exercise is recommended to
improve health. We are interested to know whether eating dietary protein at different times
of the day influences changes in body composition, muscle and indices of health. The purpose
of this study is to examine the effects of within-day patterning of dietary protein intake
(even vs. skewed) on energy-restriction and resistance training-induced changes in body
composition, muscle size, appetite, and clinical health (including blood glucose and blood
pressure).
health consequences. A Moderate weight loss by dieting and exercise is recommended to
improve health. We are interested to know whether eating dietary protein at different times
of the day influences changes in body composition, muscle and indices of health. The purpose
of this study is to examine the effects of within-day patterning of dietary protein intake
(even vs. skewed) on energy-restriction and resistance training-induced changes in body
composition, muscle size, appetite, and clinical health (including blood glucose and blood
pressure).
About two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Obesity is
associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and metabolic syndrome and a reduced
physical functioning capacity, all of which contribute to disproportionately high healthcare
expenditures and premature mortality. A moderate dietary energy restriction with a higher
protein diet has been recommended for weight loss to prevent or improve medical
complications associated with obesity as well as improve body composition, including
preserving lean body mass. Emerging research indicates that the consumption of multiple high
protein meals daily may be superior than only consuming one high-protein meal (typically
dinner) to stimulate muscle protein synthesis throughout the day. This concept is based on
research showing that the patterning of energy and protein intake influences muscle protein
synthesis and whole body composition and protein retention. Very limited research exists
regarding the effects of protein intake on skeletal muscle size after weight loss, and
currently, no longitudinal studies have evaluated the effectiveness of consuming an even vs.
skewed distribution of protein intake across meals on phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle
size over the longer-term. Recent studies have also suggested that evenly distributed
protein patterning may promote satiety and improve blood glucose response in healthy adult
men and women. However, there is a need for controlled, longer-duration trials to
investigate the effects of daily protein distribution on appetite, glucose response and
metabolic syndrome after weight loss in overweight or obese adults. The goal of the proposed
research is to evaluate the effects of within-day patterning of dietary protein intake (even
vs. skewed) on energy-restriction and resistance training-induced changes in body
composition, skeletal muscle size, appetite, glucose response, and metabolic syndrome
parameters.
associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and metabolic syndrome and a reduced
physical functioning capacity, all of which contribute to disproportionately high healthcare
expenditures and premature mortality. A moderate dietary energy restriction with a higher
protein diet has been recommended for weight loss to prevent or improve medical
complications associated with obesity as well as improve body composition, including
preserving lean body mass. Emerging research indicates that the consumption of multiple high
protein meals daily may be superior than only consuming one high-protein meal (typically
dinner) to stimulate muscle protein synthesis throughout the day. This concept is based on
research showing that the patterning of energy and protein intake influences muscle protein
synthesis and whole body composition and protein retention. Very limited research exists
regarding the effects of protein intake on skeletal muscle size after weight loss, and
currently, no longitudinal studies have evaluated the effectiveness of consuming an even vs.
skewed distribution of protein intake across meals on phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle
size over the longer-term. Recent studies have also suggested that evenly distributed
protein patterning may promote satiety and improve blood glucose response in healthy adult
men and women. However, there is a need for controlled, longer-duration trials to
investigate the effects of daily protein distribution on appetite, glucose response and
metabolic syndrome after weight loss in overweight or obese adults. The goal of the proposed
research is to evaluate the effects of within-day patterning of dietary protein intake (even
vs. skewed) on energy-restriction and resistance training-induced changes in body
composition, skeletal muscle size, appetite, glucose response, and metabolic syndrome
parameters.
Inclusion Criteria:
- non-smoking;
- weight stable (± 4.5 kg during previous 3 months)
- constant habitual activity patterns within last 3 months
- no acute illness
- not diabetic or have chronic diseases
- blood profile within 10% of clinical normalcy
- subjects not classified as high risk for cardiovascular disease
- no use of medications
- females who are not pregnant or lactating
- ability to travel to testing and exercise training facilities
- not claustrophobic and able to complete the muscle size testing using the magnetic
resonance imager
Exclusion Criteria:
- Smoker
- weight changed within 3 months
- a history of disease or high risk of cardiovascular disease
- history of claustrophobic
- pregnant or lactating female
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