Evaluation and Treatment Planning of Patients With PAP Using Thrive Ultra Short Echo Time MRI and CT

This study will evaluate x-ray CT as a biomarker for surfactant lavage removal and evaluate
an UTE-Thrive MRI protocol at CCHMC as an imaging alternative to CT. Potential subjects who
meet study criteria will be identified by the Pulmonary physicians at Cincinnati Children's
Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and University of Cincinnati (UC) through their clinic
patients. The study will include two research MRIs (one pre lavage and the second 24 to 72
hours after the first lung lavage) and if there is a clinical CT performed pre lavage, then
one research CT will also be performed with the second research MRI. All image analysis will
be quantitative. Whole-lung and regional density will be calculated and evaluated before and
after lung lavage, for a quantification of changes in density in the left lung and right lung
separately. Since the one lung will serve as control, it will allow precise error estimation
(which we expect to be quite small and largely related to differences in lung volume). One
purpose of this protocol is to further refine and develop ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI
techniques since Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) patients may have multiple lavage
sessions per year. A subject may be eligible to re-enroll to participate multiple times if
the total number of research CTs for all enrollments is one or less for that subject.

Inclusion Criteria:

Clinically diagnosed PAP scheduled for lung lavage with double lumen endoscopy.

- Children patients ≥ 8 years of age

- Adult patients ≤ 75 years of age

- Medically stable as per the opinion of Bruce Trapnell, MD or Robert Wood, MD

- Patient and or parent consent obtained

Exclusion Criteria:

- Standard MRI exclusion criteria as set forth by the CCHMC Division of Radiology

- Pregnancy