Telemedicine Technology Demonstration Project for Heart Failure

The clinical course of heart failure (HF) is highly variable, but most patients eventually
require hospitalization to manage symptomatic exacerbations. As HF progresses,
hospitalizations become increasingly frequent as overall function and health decline. After
an acute hospitalization, many older patients are discharged to skilled nursing facilities
(SNF). Patients discharged to SNF after a HF hospitalization experience rates of death and
re-hospitalization that are substantially higher than similar patients who are discharged
home, even after adjusting for patient factors. The risk of worsening HF is highest in the
first week after hospital discharge. Close monitoring of a patient during this vulnerable
period could allow early detection and treatment that would avert clinical deterioration and
the need for re-hospitalization; however, patients do not routinely receive cardiac specialty
care while in SNF for many reasons, including patient immobility, limited transportation
options, under-trained staff, competing medical conditions, and lack of timely access to
cardiologists.

This research will address the issues associated with heart failure using a multi-faceted
intervention consisting of provider, patient, and caregiver education and training,
peer-to-peer telephone support for SNF staff, improved access to specialty care to include
telemedicine evaluation by HF specialists, and early follow-up following SNF discharge.
Specifically: Study the effect of a telemedicine disease management intervention in older
patients with HF (either as a primary OR secondary diagnosis) discharged to a SNF from
Providence St. Vincent Medical Center (PSVMC) after a cardiac-related admission.

Multiple benefits are anticipated from these interventions. First, a close partnership
between the staff at the SNF (Marquis Hills) and the Providence Heart Clinic will be
fostered. A major focus early in this partnership will be teaching SNF personnel how to
assess signs and symptoms of HF, how to promote patient education and self-management
("teaching the teachers"), and how to use an existing HF disease management tool ("HF Zone
tool"). Second, heightened monitoring of patients during the period of greatest risk for HF
decompensation is expected to improve care, efficiency, and patient outcomes and reduce
costs. Earlier detection and intervention can mitigate worsening HF, as well common
complications of HF therapies, such as kidney dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities.
Third, this novel use of telemedicine could radically alter the approach to chronic disease
management in care facilities, where specialty care is not readily available even for a
high-risk population. Fourth, the use of telemedicine enables the intervention to be scaled
easily to other SNFs and clinics and other chronic conditions.

Patients being discharged to Marquis Hills SNF will be identified by case management prior to
discharge and consented for enrollment in the study. A Heart Failure clinician, will assess
the patient's baseline capacity for self-care for HF (Self Care of Heart Failure Index,
SCHFI), and quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, KCCQ).

Intake and data collection at SNF will involve baseline assessment of HF symptoms and basic
physiologic parameters (weight, blood pressure, heart rate) using the HF Zone tool. Certified
nursing assistants will provide basic education on management of heart failure to patient and
their families. The first business day following SNF admission, cardiology nurses will
contact the SNF staff to review the daily HF Zone tool findings and follow-up any laboratory
testing.

Daily updates on symptoms, weight, vital signs, and relevant labs will be communicated by
phone with cardiology nurses at Providence Heart Clinic. Concerning changes in symptoms or
signs will trigger a telemedicine clinic visit with a HF specialist using remote video/audio,
virtual stethoscope technology, and VZ Cloud managed hosting. Any significant changes in
symptoms (as reflected by Zone tool) or vital signs will be communicated by cardiology
nursing staff to a HF clinician.Within 24 hours of this notification, a telemedicine
evaluation will be performed, allowing for a virtual face-face interview and physical
examination between patient and HF clinician using Cisco Yabber Video, Littman e-stethoscope,
and Verizon managed hosting. Medication changes, laboratory testing, additional virtual
visits, or in-person clinic visits can be arranged as appropriate. The visit findings will
become part of the patient's electronic medical record and communicated to the facility
physician and the patient's outpatient primary care provider.

Upon discharge from the SNF, the patient will have an in-person cardiology follow-up clinic
visit within two weeks of discharge and as needed, with re-measurement of the SCHFI at the
first follow-up visit.

Subjects' participation in the study will last about 60 days after they are discharged from
the skilled nursing facility. They will not be told the results of the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Primary or secondary diagnosis of heart failure

- Being discharged to a skilled nursing facility

Exclusion Criteria:

- Life expectancy of < 6 months