Paromomycin for Individuals With Uncomplicated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

When a military health care beneficiary presents at a Department of Defense Military
Treatment Facility with a skin lesion clinically and epidemiologically consistent with
suspicious Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), routine diagnostic parasitology testing will be
performed as standard of care, and if there is a positive diagnosis, the patient will be
offered the option to participate in this treatment program and after providing written
informed consent/assent., if eligible to participate, the patient will receive treatment with
Paromomycin Topical Cream.

Eligible patients will receive Paromomycin Topical Cream applied topically to all CL lesions
once daily for 20 days. The Day 1 application will be performed by or under the supervision
of the site PI. The Day 2 application will be performed by the patient while being observed
by the site PI or a designated medical staff member. The patient will be scheduled to return
to an Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) weekly during treatment at Days 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, and Day
20 + 4 days (the last day of treatment). During these visits, a member of the medical team
will observe the application of the cream by the patient and will assist the patient, if
necessary. In addition, the patient will be scheduled to return for a safety evaluation
approximately 1 week after completing treatment. The patient will be instructed to contact
the site PI or designee if any unusual adverse events (AEs) occur during treatment or in the
week after completing treatment. The patient will be scheduled to return to the MTF on Day 90
(± 14 days) days after starting treatment to determine whether all CL lesions have healed (as
per CL standard of care). Those patients who cannot return to an MTF will be contacted by
phone.

If at any time after completing treatment the lesions get worse or appear to be infected, the
patient will be instructed to go to an MTF for possible treatment of AEs or alternative
treatments for CL.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Male or female military health care beneficiary of any age.

- Diagnosis of uncomplicated CL by having at least one lesion parasitologically
confirmed by at least one of the following methods: 1) positive culture for
promastigotes; 2) microscopic identification of amastigotes in stained lesion tissue;
and/or 3) PCR assay performed either at the LDL, WRAIR or the Clinical Parasitology
Service, CDC.

- Ability to comprehend and willingness to sign informed consent or give assent

- CL lesions in a location amenable to topical treatment

- Patient is willing to forgo other treatments for CL while on treatment program

- Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 1 day of
starting treatment and agree to use an acceptable method of birth control from start
of treatment until 2 weeks after completing treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

- Clinically significant concomitant disease that would preclude the patient from
completing treatment in the opinion of the treating physician.

- Clinical Evidence of mucosal involvement

- Known allergy to aminoglycosides

- Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding