Training Effects on Fuel Metabolism
| Status: | Active, not recruiting |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Healthy Studies, Obesity Weight Loss |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 40 |
| Updated: | 1/26/2019 |
| Start Date: | July 1, 2014 |
| End Date: | December 30, 2025 |
The investigators are interested in how skeletal muscle processes fat and how this may affect
insulin resistance. This is an important question since insulin resistance predates and
predicts type 2 diabetes. The investigators are especially interested in learning about the
effects of weight and training on insulin resistance. The investigators will study people
before and after supervised aerobic or yoga training to identify differences in resting fat
and sugar metabolism which may lead to differences in insulin resistance. The investigators
will test these differences using stable isotopes, and the use of these stable isotopes is
experimental.
Overweight/Obese Group: Eight visits will be required at the University of Minnesota Clinical
Research Unit. Four visits will be done before training (screen and 3 pre-training visits), 1
visit during the training, and 3 post-training visits will be done. In between, the training
will take about 16 weeks and will be a supervised treadmill program.
Lean/Trained Group: Four visits will be required at the University of Minnesota Clinical
Research Unit (screen and 3 study visits).
insulin resistance. This is an important question since insulin resistance predates and
predicts type 2 diabetes. The investigators are especially interested in learning about the
effects of weight and training on insulin resistance. The investigators will study people
before and after supervised aerobic or yoga training to identify differences in resting fat
and sugar metabolism which may lead to differences in insulin resistance. The investigators
will test these differences using stable isotopes, and the use of these stable isotopes is
experimental.
Overweight/Obese Group: Eight visits will be required at the University of Minnesota Clinical
Research Unit. Four visits will be done before training (screen and 3 pre-training visits), 1
visit during the training, and 3 post-training visits will be done. In between, the training
will take about 16 weeks and will be a supervised treadmill program.
Lean/Trained Group: Four visits will be required at the University of Minnesota Clinical
Research Unit (screen and 3 study visits).
Insulin resistance plays a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with
skeletal muscle the largest site of insulin resistance in the human body. In sedentary
humans, insulin resistance correlates with levels of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and lipid
metabolites that adversely affect skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. However, even modest
endurance training has been shown to reduce insulin resistance while increasing skeletal
muscle IMCL. Moreover, lean endurance trained participants have IMCL levels comparable to
those of patients with T2DM, yet have significantly lower insulin resistance. These findings
suggest that the physiological changes caused by training protect against lipid induced
insulin resistance and that this protection is present even at rest, however our preliminary
data suggest that training facilitates utilization of readily available fuel, with lipid
preferentially used over glucose when available. We will test the overarching hypothesis that
training increases resting skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, as measured by markers of IMCL
lipolysis, accumulation of fatty acid metabolites and mitochondrial utilization of fatty
acids.
skeletal muscle the largest site of insulin resistance in the human body. In sedentary
humans, insulin resistance correlates with levels of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and lipid
metabolites that adversely affect skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. However, even modest
endurance training has been shown to reduce insulin resistance while increasing skeletal
muscle IMCL. Moreover, lean endurance trained participants have IMCL levels comparable to
those of patients with T2DM, yet have significantly lower insulin resistance. These findings
suggest that the physiological changes caused by training protect against lipid induced
insulin resistance and that this protection is present even at rest, however our preliminary
data suggest that training facilitates utilization of readily available fuel, with lipid
preferentially used over glucose when available. We will test the overarching hypothesis that
training increases resting skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, as measured by markers of IMCL
lipolysis, accumulation of fatty acid metabolites and mitochondrial utilization of fatty
acids.
Inclusion Criteria:
All subjects
1. Subjects 18 to 40 years of age.
2. Subjects are capable of giving informed consent
Overweight or obese
1. Insulin resistant based on screening oral glucose tolerance testing.
2. BMI 25 to 40 kg/m2 inclusive
3. Stable weight for at least 3 months (± 5 lbs.)
4. Sedentary status (self-report < 30 minutes/week regular exercise).
Lean, physically active
1. physically active subjects defined as 3-5 aerobic exercise sessions/week
2. matched to age and gender
3. generally healthy with normal fasting glucose levels (glucose ≤100 mg/dL).
Exclusion Criteria:
All subjects
1. Subjects 18 to 40 years of age.
2. Subjects are capable of giving informed consent
Overweight or obese
1. Insulin resistant based on screening oral glucose tolerance testing.
2. BMI 25 to 40 kg/m2 inclusive
3. Stable weight for at least 3 months (± 5 lbs.)
4. Sedentary status (self-report < 30 minutes/week regular exercise).
Lean, physically active
1. physically active subjects defined as 3-5 aerobic exercise sessions/week
2. matched to age and gender
3. generally healthy with normal fasting glucose levels (glucose ≤100 mg/dL).
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