Group vs. Individual Cognitive Processing Therapy for Combat-related PTSD

Estimates indicate that between 100,000 and 300,000 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans are at significant risk for chronic post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), which can become a chronic disorder that impacts all areas of a
person's life. PTSD treatment programs are being developed throughout the Department of
Defense (DoD) and the Veterans Affairs (VA), but because of the large number of Service
Members returning from deployment with PTSD, it is often necessary to provide psychotherapy
in groups. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, was
originally developed as a group-based intervention. However, group-based CPT treatment has
never been systematically compared to individual CPT treatment. The public policy
implications of the results of this trial are significant. If both treatment formats are
equivalent or if group treatment is better, then group treatment would be a more efficient
and cost-effective therapy modality in most cases. On the other hand, if individual therapy
is found to be superior, the investment of greater resources into individual therapy will be
justified in order to provide the most effective treatment for PTSD to military personnel.
The purpose of this study is to compare group-administered CPT-Cognitive-only version
(CPT-C) to individual CPT-C for the treatment of PTSD in OIF/OEF military personnel. Three
hundred (300) adult male and female active-duty OIF/OEF military personnel over 18 years of
age will be enrolled into this study. Participants will be randomized between group and
individual CPT-C.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Adult male and female active duty, activated Reservist, or activated National Guard
OIF/OEF military personnel or OIF/OEF veterans seeking treatment for PTSD

- Diagnosis of PTSD determined by a clinician-administered Posttraumatic Stress Scale
(PSSI)

- Person has experienced a Criterion A event that is a specific combat-related event or
high magnitude operational experience that occurred during a military deployment in
support of OIF/OEF. The diagnosis of PTSD may be indexed to that event or to another
Criterion A event.

- Be over the age of 18

- Speak and read English

- Be stable on any psychotropic medications they may be taking.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Current suicide or homicide risk meriting crisis intervention

- Active psychosis

- Moderate to severe brain damage (as determined by the inability to comprehend the
baseline screening questionnaires)