Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard of Care in Total Knee Surgery

Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel®) is a local anesthetic made up of liposomal encapsulated
bupivacaine. It is designed to be injected at the time of surgery into the local soft
tissues. Because of its unique liposomal delivery system, Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel®)
has been shown to provide up to 96 hours of pain relief following surgeries. This makes it an
attractive option in total knee arthroplasty patients. Combined with the proven efficacy of
regional anesthesia, intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel®) may provide extended
pain relief following total knee arthroplasty. This has the potential to avoid the need for
opioid medications. With better pain control, medication side effects can be avoided and
patient's length of stay in the hospital can be shortened.

Inclusion Criteria:

- At least 18 years of age

- Scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed by the principal
investigator

Exclusion Criteria:

- Age <18 years

- Pregnant or breastfeeding

- Non-English-speaking

- Unable to give informed consent

- Patients admitted from or discharged to a medical facility (due to likelihood of
limited mobility and/or required minimum lengths of stay, confounding primary
outcome), including other hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, long-term acute care
hospitals, etc.

- Patients unable to complete a device-assisted 140 foot walk at baseline

- Patients with contraindication(s) to any bupivacaine or ropivacaine formulation, to
nerve blocks or any of the local agents used (IV morphine, ketorolac, or
methylprednisolone).

- Patients on a long-acting maintenance opioid prior to admission for surgery (e.g.,
methadone, oxycontin)

- Patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKAs, as this would increase the dose of
Exparel per patient (we are limited to one dose per patient)