Dose-dependent Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Glucose Control in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

The proposed study is a single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, 4-arm, crossover study
that identify the lowest effective dose of GSE on glucose control in people with impaired
glucose tolerance.

A planned sample size of 20 will be recruited into the study. This study will require one
initial screening visit, pre-study visit, and 4 Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Days (OGTT) Days.
This study will take 4-6weeks per subject to complete.

The trial will initiate with one screening visit, which will last for about 3-4 hours where
the subjects' height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure
and heart rate will be measured and a survey related to general eating, health and exercise
habits will be completed. OGTT procedure will be performed to confirm IGT.

If willing and eligible to participate, a 3-day food record (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) will
be given at the screening visit and collected on the following pre-study Visit to assess
subject's baseline dietary intake and pattern. Also, subjects will be instructed to follow a
relatively low polyphenolic-diet at least 7 days prior to the first OGTT Day and for the
duration of the study. A dinner meal will be provided the day before the OGTT Day to control
the second meal effect from food and beverage intake of the night before the OGTT Day.

Subjects will arrive at the center in a fasting state for at least 10 hours, well hydrated
and rested. Each OGTT Day will require blood draws throughout the visit. After evaluation of
subject's health status (via anthropometric, vital sign and blood glucose measurements and
in-person interview), a registered nurse will place a catheter in subject's arm for the
purpose of multiple blood sample collections and take the initial blood draw (baseline: -1h)
in the fasting state. 3 test capsules with 0 mg GSE, 300 mg GSE, 600 mg GSE or 900 mg GSE (in
forms of: 3 placebo, 2 placebo & 1 GSE, 1 placebo & 2 GSE or 3 GSE. Each GSE capsule
containing 300 mg GSE) will be served. Thereafter, timers will be started and a glucose test
drink (75g glucose mixed with 250ml water) will be given right after the 0h blood sampling (1
h after the consumption of capsules). Subject will be instructed to finish the drink in 5
minutes (min). From this point forward, blood sample will be collected at 30 min, 1h, 2hand
3h for assessment of changes in metabolic markers. The sequence of receiving the capsules
treatment at each visit will be randomly assigned based on computer generated sequences.

OGTT Day visits will be placed at least 3 days apart as well.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Aged between 40 to 65 years old male/female

- Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 35kg/m2

- Fasting blood sugar between 100-125 mg/dL

- Confirmed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) upon 2 hr OGTT screening test (≥ 140 mg/dL
< 200mg/dL)

- Non-smoker

- No clinical evidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, renal,
gastrointestinal or hepatic disease

- Not taking any medications or dietary supplements that would interfere with outcomes
of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Past smokers: abstinence for less than 2 years

- Men and women who smoke

- Men and women with known or suspected food intolerance, allergies or hypersensitivity
to the study materials or closely related compound or any their stated ingredients.

- Men and women known to have/diagnosed with diabetes mellitus

- Men and women who have fasting blood glucose concentrations ≥126 mg/dL

- Men and women with documented vascular disease, e.g., heart failure, myocardial
infarction, stroke, angina, related surgeries.

- Men and women with cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer in previous 5 years.

- Men and women who are taking medication or dietary supplements that may interfere with
the outcomes of the study; e.g., antioxidant supplements, anti-inflammation, lipid
lowering medication. Subjects may choose to go off dietary supplements (requires 30
days washout).

- Men and women who have donated blood within 3 months of the screening visit and blood
donors/participants for whom participation in this study will result in having donated
more than 1500 milliliters of blood in the previous 12 months.

- Substance (alcohol or drug) abuse within the last 2 years.

- Excessive coffee and tea consumers (> 4 cups/day)

- Unstable weight: gained or lost weight +/- 5 lbs in previous 3 months

- Women who are known to be pregnant or who are intending to become pregnant over the
course of the study and women who are lactating.