Laparoscopic Three-dimensional Versus Two-dimensional Sacral Colpopexy and Paravaginal Repair

The purpose of this study is to compare operative times of laparoscopic sacral colpopexy
(LSC) for the treatment of symptomatic vaginal vault prolapse as well as paravaginal repair
(PVR) for symptomatic cystocele between two-dimensional and three-dimensional laparoscopic
systems. Additionally this study will evaluate postoperative complications from surgeries
performed using two-dimensional versus three-dimensional laparoscopic systems.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Symptomatic vaginal vault prolapse (stage 2 or greater point C-1 pelvic organ prolapse
quantification [POP-Q] or grade 2 or greater Baden-Walker half way system) undergoing
laparoscopic sacral colpopexy

And/Or

- Symptomatic cystocele (stage 2 or greater, point Aa or Ba > -1 POP-Q or grade 2 or
greater Baden-Walker half way system) undergoing laparoscopic paravaginal repair

Exclusion Criteria:

- Age less than 18 years

- Inability to comprehend questionnaires

- Inability to give informed consent or to return for review

- Vaginal vault prolapse < stage 2

- Unable to undergo general anesthesia

- More than 5 previous laparotomies

- Prior sacral colpopexy or vaginal mesh prolapse procedure

- Prior surgery involving the retropubic space

- Vaginal length less than 6 cm