Fit and Trim for Diabetes Prevention

Filipino Americans (FA) are the second largest (3.4 million) Asian group in the US, and the
largest (1.5 million) in California, and have the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to non-Hispanic whites, African Americans and Hispanics.
However, there has been little health related research among FA. Improving physical activity
(PA) and diet can prevent or delay T2DM, as evidenced by the Diabetes Prevention Program
(DPP) lifestyle intervention, resulting in reducing T2DM risks. However, implementing the DPP
has been expensive and labor intensive. A more cost-effective approach may be the use of
mobile technologies coupled with social networking. Filipinos (95%) are avid mobile phone
users and the leading Facebook users. Thus, we propose to test a culturally competent mobile
phone-based Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle and social networking (in-person and
virtual) intervention in a pilot 3-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a wait list
active control design for 50 overweight FA at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:: 1) BMI for Asians > 23 kg/m2, 2) Age > 24 years, 3) Diabetes risk test
score52 > 5 points, fasting plasma glucose test between 100 - 125 mg/dl, HbA1c > 5.6% or
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 140-200 mg/dl, 4) physically inactive based on
Brief Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire,53 5) no cognitive impairment based on the
Mini-Cog test,54 and 7) English speaking. Only one member per household will be allowed to
enroll in the study. A smart phone will be provided if necessary.

Exclusion Criteria:1) Physician diagnosed diabetes and confirmed by clinical data (e.g.
documentation of fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL or a positive OGTT), 2) HbA1C > 7.0%, 3)
Glucose metabolism associated disease (Cushing's syndrome, Acromegaly, and Pheochromocytoma
currently under treatment, chronic pancreatitis), 4) Thyroid disease - sub-optimally
treated, 5) Known medical conditions or other physical problems needing special exercise
program (e.g., prior myocardial infarction, history of angioplasty or angina, admission for
hospital evaluation of chest pain, use of nitroglycerin for angina, asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, or uncontrolled hypertension), 6) Currently participating in
a lifestyle modification program, 7) Planning a trip outside of the US during the 3-month
study period, 8) Known eating disorder, 9) Planning to have gastric bypass surgery, 10)
Taking antibiotics (including HIV-related agents), anti-tuberculosis agents (except
tuberculosis prophylaxis)], or prescription weight-loss drugs.