Surveillance for Low and Low-Intermediate Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Pilot Study

This is a two-arm, randomized-controlled pilot study with 2 year duration. The "intervention"
refers to surveillance based on the EAU guidelines and the "control" refers to surveillance
based on the AUA guidelines.

Research methods: Participants who presents with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and meets
the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be given an option to participate in the study.
Participants will be enrolled at the Urology Clinics at the University of Texas Health
Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA) Medical Arts and Research Center (MARC) and South Texas
Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS). Non-local site include the University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW). The research procedures consist of urine collection,
cystoscopy, and patient satisfaction and cost questionnaires. The evaluation will be done by
the tumor recurrence and progression of the disease. At various time points throughout the
study, urine may be obtained from the patient and banked in the Genitourinary (GU) Tissue
Bank. Subjects asked to provide a urine sample(s) will be asked to sign a separate informed
consent. The urine is de-identified in the lab per the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) protocol GU Tissue Bank Institutional Review Board (IRB) #
20050234H). Patients will undergo cystoscopy in clinic (standard of care). In the
intervention arm, patient surveillance cystoscopy will be performed at 3, 12 months and again
at 24 months following the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Patients randomized to the control
arm, will undergo surveillance cystoscopy every 3 months for 2 years following the diagnosis
of bladder cancer. Because use of cytology is variable among the participating urologist, the
utilization of cytology will be at the treating urologist's discretion as per usual standard
care. Study duration will be 2 years from most recent biopsy. Patients will be placed on the
surveillance schedule based on the length of time from their last tumor.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Must have non-muscle invasive low-grade, papillary (Ta) bladder cancer.

- Must have a negative cystoscopy following most recent biopsy.

- Must be able to give informed consent.

- Must be age 18 or older.

- Must be at low- or low-intermediate risk for disease recurrence and progression
according to the EAU guidelines.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Have a history of invasive (>=T1) bladder cancer.

- Have a history of carcinoma-in-situ (CIS).

- Unable to give informed consent.

- < 18 or younger.

- Variant histology (micropapillary, nested variant, non-urothelial cell carcinoma
elements).

- Had a surveillance cystoscopy following most recent biopsy.