Rivaroxaban Versus Aspirin in Secondary Prevention of Stroke and Prevention of Systemic Embolism in Patients With Recent Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS)

Inclusion Criteria:

- Recent ESUS (between 7 days and 6 months), defined as:

- Recent ischemic stroke (including transient ischemic attack with positive
neuroimaging) visualized by brain imaging that is not lacunar, and

- Absence of cervical carotid atherosclerotic stenosis> 50% or occlusion, and

- No atrial fibrillation after ≥ 24-hour cardiac rhythm monitoring, and

- No intra-cardiac thrombus on either transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography,
and

- No other specific cause of stroke (for example, arteritis, dissection,
migraine/vasospasm, drug abuse)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Severely disabling stroke (modified Rankin score ≥4)

- Indication for chronic anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy

- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2