Aspiration in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors

The purpose of this study is to learn more about problems with swallowing that could develop
in patients who are very sick and need a machine to help them breathe. Patients are asked to
be in this study because they had problems breathing on their own and therefore needed the
help of a machine called a ventilator. In order for this ventilator to push air into the
lungs, patients need a tube placed in the throat called an endotracheal tube. The process of
placing this endotracheal tube was called intubation. The tube has now been removed, which is
a process called extubation. Sometimes, people who have had endotracheal tubes can have
difficulty swallowing food and liquids for a period of time. This disease is called
post-extubation dysphagia (PED). PED is a serious condition and may result in food or liquid
going from the mouth into the lungs. This could cause further lung problems. Given this risk,
doctors sometimes suggest that patients with PED either avoid eating or drinking, or get a
feeding tube. Currently, nobody knows how often patients develop PED, why they develop it, or
the best method to detect it. Standard care involves clinicians making educated guesses. This
study looks to determine if watching the patient swallow, both with and without a small
camera, is an accurate method for detecting PED.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Subjects will be eligible to participate in the study if they meet all of the
following criteria:

1. Admission to a University of Colorado Hospital ICU

2. Mechanical ventilation support through an endotracheal tube for greater than 24
hours

Exclusion Criteria:

- Subjects will be ineligible to participate in the study if they meet any of the
following criteria

1. Age less than 18 years

2. Contraindication to enteral nutrition administration

3. Diagnosis of an acute or pre-existing central nervous system disorder (excluding
a seizure disorder)

4. Pre-existing dysphagia

5. Previous surgery of the head, neck, or esophagus

6. Previous cancer of the head or neck

7. The presence of a tracheostomy

8. The presence of nasal or pharyngeal trauma or bleeding

9. Clinical team believes one of the protocols would be harmful to an individual
patient

10. Expected survival less than 3 months

11. Pregnancy

12. Imprisoned at the time of admission, anytime during the hospitalization, or
anytime during the followup period

13. Inability to give informed consent and proxy unavailable.