Compassion Meditation for PTSD

There is considerable public and professional interest in complementary and alternative
approaches, including meditation, for managing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but
there is little empirical support to guide their use. Multiple meditative techniques can be
applied to the amelioration of this disorder, and the literature suggests that they operate
by different mechanisms. Compassion meditation is a meditative practice focused on the wish
that others and the self may be free of suffering. Because this particular form of meditation
has been shown to elicit positive emotion and feelings of connection with other people, it is
uniquely well suited to addressing PTSD, which is characterized by strong negative affect,
deficits in positive emotion and social connectedness.

Compassion meditation has not been evaluated for use with PTSD patients; therefore, the goal
of this project is to refine an existing compassion meditation protocol for individuals with
PTSD, to examine the safety and feasibility of this approach and to collect data to make
initial estimates of efficacy. The proposed project will be completed in two phases.

In phase one, the compassion meditation protocol will be executed with individuals with PTSD
and iteratively refined based on therapist and participant feedback. In addition, a
relaxation protocol that was used in a previous PTSD trial will be modified to match the
length and format of the meditative practice.

In phase two, the investigators will complete a pilot study to examine the feasibility of
conducting a randomized trial comparing these interventions and to provide information that
will allow us to better design future projects. Ultimately, the research informed by this
project may provide an additional option for treatment of PTSD, which would be an important
contribution because existing treatment approaches are not universally acceptable or
effective.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Veteran of at least 18 years of age

- PTSD as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Version 5 (DSM-5)

- Capacity to consent

- Willing to commit to 8 consecutive weekly sessions lasting 2 hours in duration and to
complete assessment materials.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Serious suicidality or homicidality that has required urgent or emergent evaluation or
treatment within the past three months

- A known, untreated substance use disorder (inclusion is possible if there is evidence
that the individual has been afforded and is complying with treatment for the
substance problem)

- Serious Axis I mental disorders, such as psychotic disorders or bipolar type I, or
serious dissociative symptoms

- Cognitive impairment that would interfere with consent or treatment

- Circumstances that lead to recurrent traumatization (e.g., engaged in a violent
relationship)

- Concurrent enrollment in any other treatment specifically targeting PTSD symptoms or
social functioning (e.g., couples therapy)