Feasibility and Clinically Application of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting

Specific Aim 1: Demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) in
children, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with and without brain tumors.

Specific Aim 2: Characterize the MRF signature of low-grade gliomas

Specific Aim 3: Determine whether MRF can identify occult tumor in subjects with low-grade
glioma.

Specific Aim 4: Determine whether MRF can identify treatment effects in low-grade gliomas.

Specific Aim 5: Explore whether common brain tumors can be differentiated by comparing
pre-operative MRF signature with pathologic diagnosis.

Outline: This study will examine the feasibility of MRF in children and AYA and determine
whether quantitative measures of T1 and T2 relaxation times can be derived in subjects <35
years of age. Approximately 80 subjects will be evaluated and include subgroups where MRF may
be of particular utility, including children and AYA subjects with brain tumors and subjects
with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Additional aims will investigate the utility of MRF in
these groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Subjects undergoing MRI evaluation of the brain

- NF1 status will be determined by clinical exam or genetic testing

- NF1-associated Optic Pathway Glioma (OPG) will be defined as radiographic evidence of
glioma along the optic nerve, chiasm, tract or radiation in a child with NF1

- Untreated low grade gliomas will be imaging-defined gliomas that have not yet been
exposed to radiation or systemic chemotherapy. Those exposed to therapy will have had
radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy more than 1 month prior to scans

Exclusion Criteria:

- History of mental retardation unrelated to brain tumor

- Presence of a genetic disorder other than NF1 that effects cognition or is associated
with MR imaging abnormalities (e.g. tuberous sclerosis)

- History of cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

- Birth weight below five pounds, premature birth prior to 36 weeks of gestation, or
ischemic episode at birth

- Major psychiatric diagnosis prior to neuro-oncological diagnosis