Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) for Retinal Imaging

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. The current clinical
standard-of-care procedure to diagnose glaucoma is visual field testing with disc
photography. Visual field testing is subjective both in the patient's feedback and the
physician's interpretation of this feedback, and disc photography requires a physician's
subjective interpretation. As a result, it is estimated that current methods can diagnose
glaucoma only after 40% of the nerve fiber layer (NFL) has been lost. Since glaucoma leads to
significant changes in both NFL thickness and NFL optical birefringence, non-invasive imaging
of these properties could potentially enable diagnosis of glaucoma prior to changes in
vision. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is routinely used in retinal imaging, and its
ability to detect changes in NFL health is being actively studied. To detect NFL optical
birefringence, a specialized variation of OCT termed polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) is
required. Because of high noise in PS-OCT images, prior studies have been unable to detect
NFL changes in birefringence.

We have recently developed new methods for performing highly sensitive polarization-sensitive
OCT. These changes are algorithmic in nature, and use the same optical wavelengths and powers
as clinically deployed OCT retinal imaging instruments. In benchtop studies, these
algorithmic changes improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PS-OCT images. We propose to
conduct a pilot study in normal, healthy subjects to evaluate if these changes improve the
SNR of NFL birefringence images.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female subjects between the ages of 18-85 years

2. Healthy normal subjects with no significant eye disease, except for mild cataracts

3. Subjects with clear enough cornea or clear enough media to permit imaging

4. Subjects with refractive error between -5.00 sph to +5.00 sph

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects who have occludable narrow angles (without a patent peripheral iridotomy) or
any other ocular or systemic pathology, which precludes safe dilation

2. Subjects whose eyes have been dilated for over 6 hours will not be eligible for
imaging.

3. Subjects who do not or cannot understand the instructions for the PS-OCT imaging

4. Subjects who are pregnant and/or breastfeeding. Date of last menstrual cycle will also
be included.